[74] There seem to be two Chinese translations of this Sûtra, one by Kumârajîva and the other by Paramârtha, but apparently they are different texts bearing the same title. Besides these two, there is another text entirely in Chinese transliteration. Owing to insufficiency of material at my disposal here, I cannot say anything definite about the identity or diversity of these documents. The following discussion that is reported to have taken place between the Buddha and Ananda is an abstract prepared from the first and the second fasciculi of Paramârtha’s (?) translation. Beal gives in his _Catena of Buddhist Scriptures from the Chinese_ (pp. 286-369) an English translation of the first four fasc. of the _Surangama_. Though this translation is not quite satisfactory in many points the reader may find there a detailed account of the discussion which is here only partially and roughly recapitulated. [75] Cf. the following which is extracted from the _Questions of King Milinda_ (Sacred Books of the East, vol. XXXV, 133): “If there be a soul [distinct from the body] which does all this, then if the door of the eye were thrown down [if the eye were plucked out] could it stretch out its head, as it were, through the larger aperture and [with greater range] see forms much more clearly than before? Could one hear sounds better if the ears were cut off, or taste better if the tongue were pulled out, or feel touch better if the body were destroyed?” [76] Nirvikalpo ‘smi ciddipo nirahankaravasanaḥ Tvaya ahankarabijena na sambaddho ‘smi asanmaya (31) [77] Yathâ bhûtatayâ na ahammano na tvam na vâsanâ Atmâ çuddhacidabhasaḥ kevalo yam vijṛbhate. (44) [78] The following is a somewhat free translation of the original Chinese of Kumârajîva, which pretty closely agrees with the Sanskrit text published by the Buddhist Text Society of India. [79] The Sanskrit text does not give this passage. [80] Lakṣyâl lakṣaṇam anyac cet syât tal lakṣyam alakṣanam. [81] Rûpâdi vyatirekena yathâ kumbho na vidyate, Vâhyâdi vyatireṇa tathâ rûpam na vidyate. [82] Abstracted from Pingalaka’s _Commentary on the Mâdhyamika Çâstra_, Chapter VII. The Chinese translation is by Kumârajîva. [83] The passage in parentheses is taken from Chandrakîrti’s _Commentary on Nâgârjuna_, pp. 180-181. CHAPTER VIII NOTES. [84] The Twelve Nidânas are: (1) Ignorance (_avidyâ_), (2) action (_sanskâra_), (3) Consciousness (_vijñâna_), (4) Name-and-form (_nâmarûpa_), (5) Six Sense-organs (_âyatana_), (6) Contact (_sparça_), (7) Sensation (_vedanâ_), (8) Desire (_trṣnâ_), (9) Attachment (_upâdâna_), (10) Procreation (_bhâva_), (11) birth (_jati_), (12) Old Age, Death, etc. (_jarâ_, _marana_, _çoka_, etc.). [85] From a Chinese Mahâyâna sutra. [86] The Pâli Jâtaka, no. 222. Translation by W. H. Rouse. [87] Warren’s _Buddhism in Translations_, p. 214. [88] _On the Completion of Karma_, by Vasubandhu. Nanjo, No. 1222.