Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 321-448 — John Shaqi
Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 321-448Cushing, Frank Hamilton
History
Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 321-448
Cushing, Frank Hamilton
Zuni mythology
What renders this supposition still more probable, and also strengthens
the theory of the dual origin of many parallelisms in Zuñi culture,
observances, and phraseology, is not so much the fact that this name
for red shells and the archaic Zuñi name for red paint, _áhona_,
resemble in sound and meaning the Yuman _ahowata_, _ahauti_, etc., for
red paint, nor yet the fact that such resemblance extends to many
archaic and other terms, for example of relationship in the Zuñi as
compared especially with corresponding terms in the Yavapai Tulkepaiya
and other dialects of the Yuman. In fact, all the terms in Zuñi for the
four quarters are twofold and different, according as used familiarly
or ritualistically. That for west, for instance, is in the archaic and
ritualistic form, _K’yálishiïnkwïn táhna_, and signifies "direction
of the home, or source of mists and waters, or the sea;" which, when
the Zuñi abode in the farther southwest near the Pacific, was the
appropriate name for west. But the familiar name for west in modern
Zuñi is _Súnhakwïn táhna_, the "direction of the place of evening,"
which is today equally appropriate for their plateau-encircled home of
the far inland.
"North," in the archaic form, is now nearly lost; yet in some of the
more mystic rituals it occurs as both _Wímaiyawan táhna_ (_Wíkutaiya_
is "north" in the Yuma), "direction of the oak mountains," and
_Yä´lawaunankwin táhna_, literally "direction of the place of the
mountain ranges," which from the lower Colorado and southern Arizona
are toward the north, but from northern Zuñi are not so conspicuous as
in the other direction, as, for instance, toward the southwest. On the
other hand, if we consider the familiar phrase for north, _Pïsh´lankwïn
táhna_, "direction of the wind-swept plains," or of the "plains of the
mightiest winds," to have been inherited from the aboriginal round-town
Zuñis, then it was natural enough for them to have named the north as
they did; for to the north of their earlier homes in the cliffs and
beyond lay the measureless plains where roamed the strong Bison God of
Winds, whence came his fierce northern breath and bellowings in the
roar of storms in winter.
The east, in common language, signifies "direction of the coming of
day;" but in the ritual speech signifies "direction of the plains of
daylight"--a literal description of the great Yuma desert as seen at
day-break from the Colorado region, but scarcely applicable to the
country eastward from Zuñi, which is rugged and broken until the Llanos
Estacados of Texas are reached.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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