Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 321-448Cushing, Frank Hamilton
History
Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 321-448
Cushing, Frank Hamilton
Zuni mythology
That the Lake of Salt, as a coveted source, actually did influence the
earlier descents of the cliff dwellers, and did lead to the building
and occupancy by them of the long line of ruins I have described,
rests, finally, on linguistic no less than on such comparative evidence
as has already been indicated. In turn, this leads to consideration of
the larger and at present more pertinent evidence that these dwellers
in the round towns were in part ancestors of the Zuñis, and that thus,
as assumed at the outset, the Zuñis are of composite, at least dual,
origin, and that their last, still existing, phase of culture is of
dual derivation.
The archaic and sacred name for the south in Zuñi is _Álahoïnkwin
táhna_, but the name more commonly employed--always in familiar or
descriptive discourse--is _Mák‘yaiakwin táhna_ (that is, the "direction
of the salt-containing water or lake," from _ma_, salt; _k‘yaía_,
water, or lake-containing or bearing; _kwin_, place of, and _táhna_,
point or direction of). That this name should have displaced the
older form in familiar usage is significant of the great importance
attached to their source of salt by the early Zuñis; yet but natural,
for the older form, _Álahoïnkwin táhna_, signifies "in the direction
of the home (or source) of the coral shells," from _álaho_, glowing
red shell-stuff; _ïnkwïn_, abiding place of, or containing place of,
and _táhna_. This source of the _álahowe_ or coral red shells (which
are derived from several species of subtropical mollusks, and were so
highly prized by the southwestern tribes that the Indians of the lower
Colorado traded in them as assiduously as did those of the cliffs and
round towns in salt) has been for generations the Gulf of California
and the lower coast to beyond Guaymas.
It is not improbable, then, that this archaic and now exclusively
ritualistic expression for the southward or the south is a surviving
paraphrase of the name for south (or of the source in the south of the
red shells), formerly known to the western branch of the Zuñi ancestry,
and once familiarly used by them to designate also, perhaps, the
direction of the source of their chief treasure (these coral red shells
of aboriginal commerce), as in the Gulf of California, which was then
south of them, but is now due west-southwestward from them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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