Outpost in the Wilderness: Fort Wayne, 1706-1828Poinsatte, Charles R.
History
Outpost in the Wilderness: Fort Wayne, 1706-1828
Poinsatte, Charles R.
Fort Wayne (Ind.) -- History
Grasping the new importance of the Maumee-Wabash trade route after 1712,
the officials of New France were quick to suggest to the crown the
construction of a chain of posts from the head of the Maumee to the
mouth of the Wabash in order to protect this increasingly vital line of
communication between Canada and Louisiana, and, equally, important, to
counteract the English ever pressing closer to the Indians in the upper
Ohio valley.[11] The idea was not new, as LaSalle had suggested such a
policy to the home government previously, but the time was now ripe.
Economic reasons for establishing these posts were not lacking. Fear of
the English meant fear of their participation in the fur trade, which
was exceedingly valuable in this area. Wild life had increased
abundantly during the years of Iroquois warfare when the region was
practically uninhabited. A French memorialist, writing at this time,
pointed out that the New York traders, through the medium of the
Iroquois agents, secured between 80,000 and 100,000 beaver skins
annually from the area south and southwest of Lake Erie.[12] This almost
equalled the amount taken annually from the whole of the land north of
the Great Lakes. Cadillac, the founder of Detroit, reported in 1707 that
the Maumee valley was “the finest land under heaven—fishing and hunting
are most abundant there.”[13]
The revitalized village of Kiskakon became the location of one of the
earliest posts established in the French chain along the Maumee-Wabash
route, and was known as Post or Fort Miami. The exact year of the
founding of Port Miami by the French is uncertain. Although some writers
believe the post was established as early as 1680 or 1686,[14] there is
no evidence to support such suppositions. Some confusion seems to arise
from a misinterpretation of those French colonial documents which refer
to the Fort Miami built by LaSalle at the mouth of the St. Joseph river
of Lake Michigan, and not, as these writers believed, to the Fort Miami
at the headwaters of the Maumee. A careful reading of these documents is
necessary in each instance to determine which Fort Miami is meant. About
the same time that the eastward migration of the Miamis began 1697 Jean
Baptiste Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes, was appointed attache to the
Miamis.[15] At first he was obviously at the Miami fort on the
southeastern shore of Lake Michigan, although, as the Miami village,
Kiskakon, grew in importance, Vincennes found it increasingly necessary
to visit the Miami village from 1702 to 1719. It is possible that in
1706 he built a small post primarily for trading purposes at
Kiskakon.[16] By 1715 a new element, the English fur trader had entered
the picture and Vincennes, as well as the French colonial government,
was convinced that it was no longer feasible to encourage the Indians to
migrate eastward. From Kiskakon, Vincennes reported to the royal
officials that the English of Carolina were having recourse to every
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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