Oxford (England) -- History; University of Oxford -- History
The mediæval student took his one meal at ten or eleven in the morning.
Soup thickened with oatmeal, baked meat and bread was his diet, varied
by unwholesome salt fish in Lent. These viands were served in hall on
wooden trenches and washed down by a tankard of college beer. During the
meal a chapter of the Bible or of some improving work in Latin was read
aloud, and at its conclusion the founder's prayer and a Latin grace
would be said. Conversation, it was usually ordained, might only be
carried on in Latin; the modern student, on the contrary, is "sconced"
(fined a tankard of beer) if he speaks three words of "shop" in hall.
After dinner perhaps some disputations or exercises, some repetition and
discussion of the morning's lecture would be held in hall, or the
students would take the air, walking out two and two, as the founders
directed, if they were good; going off singly, or in parties to poach or
hawk or spoil for a row, if they were not. Lectures or disputations were
resumed about noon.
Seated on benches, or more usually and properly, according to the
command of Urban V., sitting on the rush-strewn floors of the
school-room, the young seekers after knowledge listened to the words of
wisdom that flowed from the regent master, who sat above them at a
raised desk, dressed in full academical costume. Literally, they sat at
the feet of their Gamaliels.
In the schools they were enjoined to "sit as quiet as a girl," but they
were far from observing this injunction. Old and young were only too
ready to quarrel or to play during lectures, to shout and interrupt
whilst the master was reading the Sentences of Peter Lombard, and bang
the benches with their books to express their approval or disapproval of
his comments thereon.
Supper came at five, and after that perhaps a visit to the playing
fields of Beaumont or a tavern, where wine would be mingled with song,
and across the oaken tables would thunder those rousing choruses that
students ever love:
"Mihi est propositum in taberna mori
Vinum sit appositum morientis ori,
Ut dicant, quum venerint, angelorum chori,
'Deus sit propitius huic potatori.'"
When curfew rang at length, all the students would assemble in hall and
have a "drinking" or "collation." Then, before going to bed, they would
sing the Antiphon of the Virgin (Salve Regina), and so the day was
finished. A dull, monotonous day it seems to us, varied only by
sermons--and there was no lack of them--at S. Mary's or S. Peter's in
the East, with the chance excitement of hearing a friar recant the
unorthodox views he had expressed the previous Sunday; but it was a day
that was bright and social compared with the ordinary conditions of the
time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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