Oxford (England) -- History; University of Oxford -- History
The substitution of a hymn from the college grace for the "merry concert
of both vocal and instrumental music, consisting of several merry
ketches, and lasting almost two hours," which was the form the
performance took in the middle of the eighteenth century, was made on
one occasion when the weather was very inclement. Once made it was found
easier and more suitable to continue it, and the observance came to be
religious.[32]
Magdalen Tower is one of those rarely beautiful buildings, which strike
you with a silent awe of admiration when first you behold them, and ever
afterwards reveal to your admiring gaze new aspects and unsuspected
charms. It is changeable as a woman, but its changes are all good and
there is nothing else about it that is feminine. It conveys the
impression that it is at once massive and slender, and its very
slenderness is male.
The chaste simplicity of the lower stories carries the eye up unchecked
to the ornamented belfry windows, the parapet and surmounting pinnacles,
and thus enhances the impression of perfect and reposeful proportion.
The growth of the colleges had influenced the halls. Statutes imposed by
the authority of the University, began to take the place of the private
rule of custom and tradition approved and enforced by the authority of
the self-governing scholars. The students quickly ceased to be
autonomous scholars and became disciplined schoolboys. The division
between don and undergraduate began to be formed and was rapidly
accentuated. Thus, at the close of the mediæval period, a change had
been wrought in the character of the University, which rendered it an
institution very different from that which it had been in the beginning.
The growth of Nationalism, the separation of languages and the
establishment of the collegiate system--these and similar causes tended
to give the Universities a local and aristocratic character. The order
introduced by the colleges was accompanied by the introduction of rank,
and of academical power and influence stored in the older, permanent
members of the University. Learning, too, had ceased to be thought
unworthy of a gentleman; it became a matter of custom for young men of
rank to have a University education. Thus, in the charter of Edward
III., we even read that "to the University a multitude of nobles,
gentry, strangers and others continually flock"; and towards the end of
the century we find Henry of Monmouth, afterwards Henry V., as a young
man, a sojourner at Queen's College. But it was in the next century that
colleges were provided, not for the poor, but for the noble. Many
colleges, too, which had been originally intended for the poor, opened
their gates to the rich, not as fellows or foundation students, but as
simple lodgers, such as monasteries might have received in a former age.
This change has continued to be remarkably impressed upon Oxford and
Cambridge even down to this day.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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