Afterwards, however, a modification was made of this anniversary in
this form: namely, that every year (on the festival of the Saints
aforesaid), the Prior and the convent shall sing _the placebo_ and
_dirige_ with three lessons, as is usual on other anniversaries, and
with the chiming (or a peal) of bells. That two wax candles shall be
kept burning at the tomb of Walter, from the vigil of the anniversary
to the end of the requiem mass the following day, which the prior or
any head of the order present shall sing; and on that day the
Almoner, for the time being, shall distribute two quarters of corn in
baked bread to the poor, according to the usuage of the Convent; but
there shall be no distribution of other things, or dispensation of
alms.”
Whether the song of the monks really pleased the people as much as the
cakes and ale we are not told, but considering the present use of the
word _placebo_, we may doubt it. We are not informed either, when this
_modification_ was made; but the Dean tells us that the retrenchment was
very necessary, for the convent stood in some danger of being ruined by
anniversaries; almost every Abbot having one.
Widmore, who mentions this anniversary, tells us Dr. Patrick, the editor
of Gunton’s History of Peterborough, got his account from John Flete, the
Monkish Historian of Westminster, who died in the Convent in 1464, having
completed its history, which he wrote at the request of the monks, down
to 1386.
Of John Flete, Widmore says, in his account of the writers of the History
of Westminster Abbey, “He sets down his authorities as he found them; but
as criticism was not a study in request in his time, he neither doth, nor
was, I suppose, able to distinguish what in antiquity was true and
genuine from forgeries.” {16}
Of Walter of Winchester, the same learned writer remarks “There is little
account left what this man did while Abbot here: he seems to have been
too easy in granting out the estates of the church in fee farm: the manor
of Denham in Bucks, the tithes of Boleby in Lincolnshire, the Church of
St. Alban in Wood-street, what the Abbey had in Staining-lane and
Friday-street, and the manor of Paglesham in Essex, were so granted by
him. He seems to have been solicitous to perpetuate his memory by an
anniversary, having ordered a very pompous one, much beyond those of any
of his predecessors, and got the profits of the manor of Paddington
assigned for that purpose: but this, sometime after, being thought too
great, was very much lowered, and only loaves made of two quarters of
wheat were on that day given to the poor, by the Almoner of the Abbey.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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