Pages from a Journal with Other PapersWhite, William Hale
General
Pages from a Journal with Other Papers
White, William Hale
English essays
“If you will but reflect,” Spinoza tells Boxel, “that indifference is
nothing but ignorance or doubt, and that a will always constant and in
all things determinate is a virtue and a necessary property of the
intellect, you will see that my words are entirely in accord with the
truth.” {40c} To the same effect is a passage in a letter to Blyenbergh,
“Our liberty does not consist in a certain contingency nor in a certain
indifference, but in the manner of affirming or denying, so that in
proportion as we affirm or deny anything with less indifference, are we
the more free.” {41a} So also to Schuller, “I call that thing free which
exists and acts solely from the necessity of its own nature: I call that
thing coerced which is determined to exist and to act in a certain and
determinate manner by another.” {41b} With regard to this definition it
might be objected that the necessity does not lie solely in the person
who wills but is also in the object. The triangle as well as the nature
of man contains the necessity. What Spinoza means is that the free man
by the necessity of his nature is bound to assert the truth of what
follows from the definition of a triangle and that the stronger he feels
the necessity the more free he is. Hence it follows that the wider the
range of the intellect and the more imperative the necessity which binds
it, the larger is its freedom.
In genuine freedom Spinoza rejoices. “The doctrine is of service in so
far as it teaches us that we do everything by the will of God alone, and
that we are partakers of the divine nature in proportion as our actions
become more and more perfect and we more and more understand God. This
doctrine, therefore, besides giving repose in every way to the soul, has
also this advantage, that it teaches us in what our highest happiness or
blessedness consists, namely, in the knowledge of God alone, by which we
are drawn to do those things only which love and piety persuade.” {42a}
In other words, being part of the whole, the grandeur and office of the
whole are ours. We are anxious about what we call “personality,” but in
truth there is nothing in it of any worth, and the less we care for it
the more “blessed” we are.
“By the desire which springs from reason we follow good directly and
avoid evil indirectly” {42b}: our aim should be the good; in obtaining
that we are delivered from evil. To the same purpose is the conclusion
of the fifth book of the _Ethic_ that “No one delights in blessedness
because he has restrained his affects, but, on the contrary, the power of
restraining his lusts springs from blessedness itself.” {43a} This is
exactly what the Gospel says to the Law.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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