Paint Technology and TestsGardner, Henry A. (Henry Alfred)
Science
Paint Technology and Tests
Gardner, Henry A. (Henry Alfred)
Paint
In view of the errors in manipulation that could occur where so many
tests were made, it was not deemed advisable, in carrying out the tests,
to use glass plates on which only a minute quantity of oil could be
maintained. A much better solution of the difficulty presented itself in
using a series of small, round, crimped-edge tin plates, about three
inches in diameter, such as are used for lids of friction-top cans.
With paints it is impossible to secure films as thin as those presented
by layers of oil on glass, nor would it be desirable to secure films of
this same relative thickness. For this reason an endeavor was made to
conduct the following tests with films of the same relative thickness as
that possessed by the average coating of paint. The drying of the films
did not take place in the same short period, nor in the same ratio, as
with the thin layer that is secured by flowing oil upon glass. The
results, however, are more practical, and of greater value to the
manufacturer.
The cans were carefully numbered in consecutive order, corresponding to
the numbers on the various samples of oil. A very small quantity of oil
was placed in each of the can covers, which were previously weighed, and
allowed to distribute itself over the bottom surface thereof. Reweighing
of the covers gave the amount of oil which was taken for each test. The
test samples in the covers were all placed in a large box with glass
sides, having a series of perforated shelves. In the side of this box is
an opening through which a tube was passed, carrying a continual current
of air washed and dried in sulphuric acid. Oxidation of the oil films
commenced at once, and the amount of oxygen absorbed was determined at
suitable periods by weighing, the increase in weight giving this factor.
This test was kept up for a period of twenty days.
A test was also made in the same manner with a current of damp air
passing into the box, to observe the relative oxidation under such
conditions. A chart of the results obtained has been made (Table VI), to
show the effect of the various driers.
=Results of Tests.= The following outline will present to the mind of
the reader the most salient points which have been gleaned from these
experiments, and which should give the manufacturer definite knowledge
as to the best percentage of oxides to use either in boiled oil, paints
or varnishes.
In the case of lead oxide, an increase in the percentage of lead oxide
in the oil causes a relative increase in the oxygen absorption, but when
a very large percentage of lead has been added, the film of oil dries to
a leathery skin.
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