Produced by Heiko Evermann, Chuck and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was created from images of public domain material made available by the University of Toronto Libraries (http://link.library.utoronto.ca/booksonline/).) The World’s Great Explorers and Explorations. Edited by J. SCOTT KELTIE, Librarian, Royal Geographical Society; H. J. MACKINDER, M.A., Reader in Geography at the University of Oxford; and E. G. RAVENSTEIN, F.R.G.S. PALESTINE. [Illustration: A PICTORIAL MAP OF JERUSALEM AND THE HOLY LAND, FOR THE USE OF PILGRIMS. (_From a MS. of the 13th Century in the Burgundian Library at Brussels._) _Frontispiece._] PALESTINE. BY MAJOR C. R. CONDER, D.C.L., R.E. LEADER OF THE PALESTINE EXPLORING EXPEDITION. NEW YORK DODD, MEAD & COMPANY PUBLISHERS PREFACE. The Editors of the present series having done me the honour to ask me briefly to relate the story of Palestine Exploration, and especially of the expeditions which I commanded; and having stipulated that the book should contain not only an account of the more interesting results of that work, but also something of the personal adventures of those employed, I have endeavoured to record what seems of most interest in both respects. Many things here said will be found at greater length in previous works which I have written, scattered through several volumes amid more special subjects. I hope, however, that the reader will discover also a good deal that is not noticed in those volumes; for the sources of information concerning ancient Palestine are constantly increasing; and, among others, I may mention, that the series of Palestine Pilgrim Texts, edited by Sir Charles Wilson, has added greatly to our knowledge, and has enabled me to understand many things which were previously doubtful. The full story of the dangers and difficulties through which the work was brought to a successful conclusion cannot be given in these pages, and no one recognises more than I do the imperfections which--as in all human work--have caused it here and there to fall short of the ideal which we set before us. What can, however, be claimed for Palestine exploration is, that the ideal was always as high as modern scientific demands require. The explorations were conducted without reference to preconceived theory, or to any consideration other than the discovery of facts. The conclusions which different minds may draw from the facts must inevitably differ, but the facts will always remain as a scientific basis on which the study of Palestine in all ages must be henceforth founded.