In the Plate, the unopened spathe, flower-spadix and fruit are represented, as they are often found, together on the same tree. EUTERPE ——? On the banks of the Rio Negro there appears to be another species of this genus, closely allied to the _Euterpe oleracea_, but the stem is thicker and straighter, the whole tree larger, and the leaf-column thicker, and of a clear green colour. It grows on the dry land of the virgin forest, or sometimes within the limits of the winter’s inundations. I unfortunately neglected to examine into its peculiar characters, as until my return to Pará I had considered it identical with the species so common there. I was also informed that in the island of Marajó there is a species or variety having white fruit, but I had no opportunity of examining it. [Illustration: Pl. VIII. W. Fitch lith. Ford & West Imp. EUTERPE CATINGA. Ht. 40 Ft. ] PLATE VIII. EUTERPE CATINGA, n. sp. Assaí de catinga, _Lingoa Geral_. This species differs from the last in its slenderer stem and less drooping leaves and leaflets. It grows to forty or fifty feet high. The spadices are fewer and much smaller. The fruit also is smaller, and has more pulpy matter, so that a small quantity of it makes more of the “vinho d’Assaí” (the Assaí wine) than the same quantity of fruit of the larger kind. The column formed by the sheathing bases of the leaves is smaller than in the last species, and always of a red colour. The roots rise considerably above the ground, forming a distinct cone, which is not the case in the _E. oleracea_. It inhabits the forests on a dry sandy soil, of the Upper Rio Negro. These districts are called Catinga forests by the natives, and have very peculiar vegetable productions, differing almost entirely from those of the lofty virgin forest. The preparation of the fruit of this species is sweeter and more finely flavoured than that of any other, and is therefore much sought after, but it takes the produce of four or five trees to yield as much as a single spadix of the larger kind will often produce. I found the fruit ripe in the month of April on the river Uaupés, a branch of the Rio Negro above the Falls. GENUS ŒNOCARPUS, _Martius_. Male and female flowers on the same spadix, the former most abundant. Spathe double, the interior complete, woody, and deciduous. Flowers without distinct bracts; the male with six stamens and rudiments of a pistil, the female with three sessile stigmas, but with no rudiment of stamens.