[77] Poulton, The Colours of Animals, p. 238. [78] _Ibid._, p. 237. [79] See p. 7, note 2. [80] Eng. trans. revised from fifth German edition, 1903, p. 3. [81] Mechanisch-physiologische Theorie der Abstammungslehre. 1884. [82] See especially Organic Evolution, pp. 52, 3. [83] Organic Evolution, pp. 225, 433. Eimer is a believer in the inheritance of acquired characteristics; hence Oken’s conception, _taken literally_, offers him a ready method of disposing of the ant-problem dealt with on p. 85, _sqq._ [84] Organic Evolution, p. 268. [85] See Eimer, Organic Evolution, p. 135 _sqq._ [86] p. 62. [87] “It is,” writes Wilson, “becoming more and more clearly apparent ... that Schwann went too far in denying the influence of the totality of the organism upon the local activities of the cells. It would of course be absurd to maintain that the whole can consist of more than the sum of its parts. Yet, as far as growth and development are concerned, it has now been clearly demonstrated that only in a limited sense can the cells be regarded as co-operating units. They are rather local centres of a formative power pervading the growing mass as a whole” (The Cell, pp. 58, 9). What Prof. Wilson, absorbed like most scientists in the consideration of ponderable and visible masses, assumes to be “absurd” is of course the very thing which he is proving to be a fact The whole can be not merely the “sum” but the synthesis of its parts. [88] Die Welt als That., chap. XXIV. [89] _Loc. cit._ [90] Kräfte zweiter Hand. The primary forces are the chemical and mechanical forces, the secondary are those which control and guide these for certain ends. [91] Pp. 9, 10. The italics are Prof. Henslow’s. [92] This statement taken literally is, of course, quite too sweeping. Professor Henslow clearly means here by “variations” those alone which are important enough to have selection-value, favourable or otherwise. Insignificant variations are always occurring. [93] Henslow, Origin, etc., p. 102. [94] _Ibid._, p. 80. [95] _Ibid._, p. 40. [96] A. R. Wallace, Darwinism (1890), p. 427. [97] Marie v. Chauvin, ‘Ueber die Verwandlungsfähigkeit des mexikanischen Axolotl.’ _Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie_, XLI, p. 385. See also The Cambridge Natural History, _sub voce_. [98] Haeckel, History of Creation (English trans.), I, p. 150. [99] See also pp. 15, 16. [100] J. H. Newman. [101] See Principles of Sociology, Part II. [102] See Curtius, Griechische Etymologie, s.v., φημή, νέος. [103] _Deus_ descends from a root meaning ‘to shine,’ hence the Day, the Sun, God; θεός is referred by Curtius to a root θες, to desire, pray—God is “der Angeflehte.” [104] Are there many Englishmen who would understand the following sentence which I lately came across in a St. Louis paper? “This graft was one of the scrap-head variety, and it was hard therefore to get the boodlers good.” [105] The ‘wheel’ is really a spiral—the line of all natural growth.