Penal Methods of the Middle Ages: Criminals, Witches, LunaticsIves, George Burnham
History
Penal Methods of the Middle Ages: Criminals, Witches, Lunatics
Ives, George Burnham
Punishment
They may have been old, eccentric, isolated, or insane; in
any case, once seized they had to die, and in their torments implicated
others, most likely any names conveniently suggested to them. The fame
of the new discoverer spread far and wide. Towns and hundreds in the
eastern county, and even places far outside its boundaries, sent to this
fell apostle, saying, “Come over and help us,” and on the track of blood
the monster went. It was his wont to ride upon these expeditions
accompanied by another man, and by a female searcher, whose services
would be required in the minute personal examinations which were carried
out, especially on women. He made an open charge of twenty shillings for
each village visited, but no doubt in this nefarious calling there were
other and more profitable ways of extorting money. Can we not well
imagine what sums may have been paid to him (as they are to the “sex”
blackmailers of to-day) to avoid accusation? How many may have yielded
their little all to save some one who was dear to them from common
ill-usage, probable death, and certain disgrace, which such a charge
involved? Who knows how extorted gold might influence the ordeals
enforced? Who shall say what may have come by stealth to the
witch-finders to bring ruin upon some enemy, perhaps upon some rival?
Who, indeed? From place to place swooped this bird of prey, descending
on peaceful homesteads and capturing whom he chose. Woe to the man, and
still more to the woman, who lived alone, who kept a black cat, or who
was found to carry birthmarks on her body, or to be the least out of the
normal in physical structure! Woe to the person who was eccentric,
subject to fits or trances, or who might be in any way deranged or of
weak intellect! Woe, in fact, to the unhappy creature who by any means
came in for accusation! The Pishogue mark would thenceforth be upon
them; relations would drop away as from contamination with the
plague[516]; and the most brutal rabble of that time would jostle round,
intent upon the chase, with their fierce lust for blood not the less
keen from the idea that there was something Christian in their cruelty.
The victim would then be seized and carried off to further
interrogation, ill-treatment, and torture. Parents and children,
comrades and lovers, might weep in secret, and the boldest might even
venture to denounce the senseless iniquity of the proceedings—at which
they would incur no little danger. But they would speak unheeded, and
have to linger around the gallows till the final act, when something
swayed and dangled from a cord.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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