See Conolly’s amazing denunciation in his _Treatment of the Insane_. Footnote 705: A female patient was got with child by the head keeper; he was subsequently given a piece of plate, and kept a private madhouse of his own; see Sharpe, _Report and Min. of Ev._ p. 14. Footnote 706: Gray, chap. iv.; _ibid._ p. 26; Beach, p. 4. Footnote 707: S. W. Nicoll, _An Enquiry into the Present State and Visitation of Asylums_, p. 10, etc. London, 1828. Footnote 708: Sharpe, p. 12; Gray, p. 23. Footnote 709: Sharpe, _Report and Min. of Ev._ pp. 277, 290, 297. Footnote 710: _Ibid._ p. 46. Footnote 711: For instance, at Bethnal Green Asylum.—Beach, p. 12. Footnote 712: As late as 1837.—Tuke, _Hist._ p. 81. Footnote 713: Sharpe, p. 46. Footnote 714: _Ibid._ p. 85. Footnote 715: _Ibid._ p. 48. Footnote 716: See Besant, _London in the Eighteenth Century_, where a print is given of this prisoner in his cell at p. 375. Footnote 717: _Treatment of the Insane_, p. 28. Footnote 718: Sharpe, _Report and Min. of Ev._ p. 120. Footnote 719: _Ibid._ p. 59. Footnote 720: Tuke, _Hist._ p. 153. Footnote 721: Sharpe, _Report and Min. of Ev._ p. 68. Footnote 722: For an account of some of these, especially as used in Portugal into later times, see G. A. Tucker, _Lunacy in Many Lands_, pp. 16, 1346, etc. Sydney, 1887. Footnote 723: John Haslam, _Observations on Madness_, p. 317. London, 1809. Footnote 724: Besant, _London in the Eighteenth Century_, p. 377. There is also a reproduction of Hogarth’s “Scene in Bedlam” from the “Rake’s Progress.” Footnote 725: R. Gardner Hill, _A Concise History of the Non-Restraint System_, p. 139. London, 1857. Footnote 726: W. A. F. Browne, p. 119. Footnote 727: One large asylum is said to have made £400 a year from exhibiting lunatics, but this would probably not include the keepers’ tips; see Tuke, _Hist._ p. 73. Footnote 728: Conolly, p. 33. See also P. Pinel, _Traité Médico-philosophique sur l’Aliénation Mentale_, p. 65. Paris, An IX. J. B. Tuke, _Ency. Brit._ ninth ed. vol. xiii. p. 111. Footnote 729: See E. Westermarck, _Moral Ideas_, i. p. 274. Footnote 730: H. W. Carter, _Principal Hospitals_, p. 42. London, 1819. Footnote 731: P. Pinel, _Traité_, p. 64. Footnote 732: A. Halliday, _Lunatic Asylums_, p. 76. Footnote 733: M. Esquirol, _Mémoires de Charenton_, pp. 46, 48. Footnote 734: F. Beach, p. 11. J. Conolly, p. 10. R. Gardner Hill, _Concise Hist._ p. 141. Footnote 735: _Animadversions on the Present Government of York Asylum._ York, 1788. It deals mainly with the question of finance. _Edinburgh Review_, vol. xxviii. p. 433. These produced _A Letter from a Subscriber to the York Lunatic Asylum_. York, 1788, etc. Footnote 736: