Of the masculine gender are _river_ (PG. 'rewǝr'), _bargain_, _crop_, _beef_ (but 'gedörtes beef' makes it neuter), _carpet_, _turnpike_ (or _pike_), _store_, _gravel_, _shop_, _smith-shop_, _shed_, and of course words like _squire_, _lawyer_, and "_assignie_." Of the neuter gender are "_das främ_" (frame), "das _flaur_" (flour, influenced by G. _das mehl_), das _screen_, das _photograph_, das _piano_, das _supper_, das _buggy_. Wishing to know the gender of the preceding English words in another county, the list was sent to the Rev. Daniel Ziegler, of York, Pa., who assigns the same genders to them, adding der _settee_, die _umbréll_, die _parasol_, die _bréssǝnt_ (prison), das _lampblack_, das _picter_ (picture), das _candy_, das _cash_, das _lumber_ (building timber), das _scantling_, das _pavement_, das _township_.[26] German _die butter_ (butter) is masculine in PG. as in South Germany and Austria; and _die forelle_ (the trout) is PG. 'dær fǝrél.' G. _die tunke_ (gravy) is neuter under the form 'tunkǝs' in PG., which makes the _yard_ measure feminine, although in Germany (and in print here), it has been adopted as masculine. Variations in grammatic gender are to be expected under the degenderising influence of English, but at present the German genders usually remain, as in _der stuhl_ (chair), _der pflug_ (plough, PG. 'pluuk'), _der trichter_ (funnel, PG. 'trechtǝr'), _der kork_ (cork, PG. karik), _der indigo_, _der schwamm_ (spunge), _die egge_ (harrow, PG. 'eek,' sometimes 'êk'), _die bank_ (bench), _die wiese_ (meadow, PG. 'wiss'), _die kiste_ (chest or chist, PG. kist), _das tūch_ (cloth), _das messing_ (brass, PG. 'mĕs,' like Eng. _mace_), _das füllsel_ (stuffing, PG. 'filtsl'). § 2. _The German Genders._ In various aboriginal languages of America there are two genders, the animate and the inanimate--with a vital instead of a sexual polarity; and while German can and does associate gender and sex, its departure from this system is marked by objects conspicuously sexual, which may be of the neuter gender, and by sexless objects of the three genders. It is easy to see why _das kind_ (the child) is neuter, but under the ordinary view of the rise of grammatic gender, it is not easy to see why, in modern German, _der leib_ (body) should be masculine, and _das weib_ (woman, wife) of the same gender as the child--why _die liebe_ (love) should be feminine, and _der friede_ (peace) masculine. In German, the genders are incongruous, in English they are congruous, the masculine and feminine being correlatives, with correlative relations to the neuter also, and by dropping the false nomenclature of the German genders, we may be able to get a more philosophic view of them as they now exist, independently of the Old High German system of gender and declension, which accounts for their later condition.