The usual perversions by otōsis occur, as in the city of Baltimore, where foreign Germans say 'Ablass' for _Annapolis_ and 'Kälber Strasze' (Street of Calves) for Calvert Street--but the citizens themselves have replaced the vowel of _what_ with that of _fat_, in the first syllable of this name; and the people of New York now pronounce 'Beekman Street' with the syllable _beak_ instead of _bake_ according to the earlier practice. A German botanist gave 'Gandoge' as the locality of an American plant; a package sent by express to 'Sevaber' (an English name), and a letter posted to the town of 'Scur E Quss, Nu Yourck,' arrived safely; and I have seen a handboard directing the traveller to the English-named town of 'Bintgrof.' As these present no special difficulty, they are not explained. English _rickets_ for 'rachîtis' is a familiar example of otōsis, and it appears in the following names of drugs furnished by a native druggist who speaks both languages, and who was able to determine the whole from the original prescriptions. Allaways, Barrickgerrick, Sider in de ment, Essig of Iseck, Hirim Packer, Cinment, Cienpepper, Sension, Saintcun, Opien, High cyrap, Seno and mano miset, Sking, Coroces suplement, Red presepeite, Ammeline, Lockwouth, Absom's salts, Mick nisey, Corgel, Chebubs, By crematarter potash, Balderyon, Lower beans, Cots Shyneel. FOOTNOTES: [1] Un-ab-häng-ig, un-off-hang-ing, in-de-pend-ent, Polish nie-za-wis-ty. [2] Allentown has just completed one of the finest public school buildings in Eastern Pennsylvania.--_Newspaper, February, 1870._ [3] As if 'hühn-kel weihe' _chicken hawk_, 'wai' rhyming with _boy_. [4] In an article on (the) "Pennsylvania Dutch" in the 'Atlantic Monthly' (Boston, Mass., Oct., 1869, p. 473), it is asserted that "the tongue which these people speak is not German, nor do they expect you to call it so." On the contrary, the language is strictly a German dialect, as these pages prove. The mistake has arisen from the popular confusion between the terms _Dutch_ and _German_, which are synonymous with many. In Albany (New York) they speak of the _Double Dutch Church_, which seems to have been formed by the fusion of a 'German Reformed' with a 'Dutch Reformed' congregation. These are different denominations, now greatly anglicised. In 1867 the Rev. J. C. Dutcher was a Dutch Reformed pastor in New York. [5] Words in single quotations are Pennsylvania German. The system of spelling is described in the next chapter. High German words are commonly in italics, or marked G. CHAPTER II. PHONOLOGY OF PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH. § 1. _Use of the Alphabet._