To education, Lancaster has given the services of three State Superintendents of Public Instruction, James P. Wickersham, E. E. Higbee and Nathan C. Schaeffer; also Thomas W. Burrowes, the father of the free school system of Pennsylvania. In art, Lancaster has contributed the portrait painter, Jacob Eichholtz, who painted more than two hundred and fifty portraits, among his subjects being Chief Justice Marshall and many others of the foremost people of his day. The well-known Baron Stiegel was for many years a resident of Lancaster County and established in the town of Manheim a glass factory, the wares of which are highly cherished by antiquarians. There is a remarkable mingling in Lancaster County of the old and the new—an atmosphere of quaintness, friendliness and cordiality. The county is full of the beauty and bounty of God, as the old of yesterday and the new of tomorrow meet in the Lancaster area whose influence reaches far and wide in the shaping of the larger life of the nation. Some Historic Churches in Lancaster County By DR. H. M. J. KLEIN In response to William Penn’s invitation, a large number of European people left their homes during the first quarter of the eighteenth century and came to Pennsylvania in search of religious freedom and economic opportunity. Following the rivers and the Indian trails from Philadelphia they soon found their way to the rich soil which is now Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. As early as 1709 a small group of Mennonites, followers of the martyr Menno Simons—“Switzers” as they were called—arrived in Penn’s Province, found their way to the Pequea creek and took up 10,000 acres of land. They were the direct descendants of the bitterly persecuted Anabaptists of the 16th century. They brought with them their lay ministers and their Bibles, and worshipped at first in their log houses. Later when these pioneer farmers began to erect meeting houses, they divided the building into two apartments by a swinging partition suspended from the ceiling. One apartment was used for religious, and the other for school purposes. Today, large Mennonite ‘meeting houses’ as their church buildings are called, are found everywhere in Lancaster County: at Willow Street, Mellingers, Strasburg, Manheim, Warwick and Brecknock as well as in a score of other congregational centers. Their ministers are now educated in the Mennonite colleges and seminaries. Two customs, however, have been strictly maintained: feet-washing in connection with the communion service, and the prayer head-covering among the women of the church.