Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
nay, his Motions, Affections, and Passions, as if the Omnipotent
Infinite God were of a humane shape; so that there are already more
divisions then Religions, which disturb the peace and quiet both of
mind and body; when as the ground of our belief consists but in some
few and short Articles, which clearly explained, and the moral part
of Divinity well pressed upon the People, would do more good, then
unnecessary and tedious disputes, which rather confound Religion, then
advance it: but if man had a mind to shew Learning, and exercise his
Wit, certainly there are other subjects, wherein he can do it with
more profit, and less danger, then by proving Christian Religion by
Natural Philosophy, which is the way to destroy them both. I could
wish, _Madam_, that every one would but observe the Command of Christ,
and give to God what is Gods, and to _Cæsar_ what is _Cæsars_, and
so distinguish what belongs to the actions of Nature, and what to
the actions of Religion; for it appears to my Reason, that God hath
given Nature, his eternal Servant, a peculiar freedom of working and
acting, as a self-moving Power from Eternity; but when the Omnipotent
God acts, he acts supernaturally, as beyond Nature; of which divine
actions none but the holy Church, as one united body, mind and soul,
should discourse, and declare the truth of them, according to the
Revelation made by God in his holy Word, to her Flock the Laity, not
suffering any one single person, of what profession or degree soever,
indifferently to comment, interpret, explain, and declare the meaning
or sense of the Scripture after his own fancy. And as for Nature's
actions, let those whom Nature hath indued with such a proportion of
Reason, as is able to search into the hidden causes of natural effects,
contemplate freely, without any restraint or confinement; for Nature
acts freely, and so may natural Creatures, and amongst the rest Man, in
things which are purely natural; but as for things supernatural, man
cannot act freely, by reason they are beyond his sphere of conception
and understanding, so as he is forced to set aside Reason, and onely
to work by Faith. And thus, _Madam_, you see the cause why I cannot
give you a full description of the Divine Soul of Man, as I mentioned
already in my last, but that I do onely send you my opinion of the
natural soul, which I call the rational soul; not that I dare say, the
supernatural soul is without natural reason, but natural reason is not
the divine soul; neither can natural reason, without Faith, advance
the divine soul to Heaven, or beget a pious zeal, without divine and
supernatural Grace: Wherefore Reason, or the rational Soul is onely
the Soul of Nature, which being material, is dividable, and so becomes
numerous in particular natural Creatures; like as the sensitive life
being also material and dividable, becomes numerous, as being in every
Creature, and in every part of every Creature; for as there is life in
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