Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
animal Figure, being not so quickly dissolved, the animal motions are
not so soon altered, (for the dissolving of the Figure is nothing else
but an alteration of its Motions;) and this dissolution is not done in
an instant of time, but by degrees: But yet I must confess, it is not a
common action in Nature, for Nature hath both common, and singular or
particular actions: As for example, Madness, natural Folly, and many
the like, are but in some particular persons; for if those actions were
general, and common, then all, or most men would be either mad, or
fools, but, though there are too many already, yet all men are not so;
and so some murthered bodies may bleed or express some alterations at
the presence of the Murtherer, but I do not believe, that all do so;
for surely in many, not any alteration will be perceived, and others
will have the same alterations without the presence of the Murtherer.
And thus you see, _Madam_, that this is done naturally, without the
help of the Devil; nay, your _Author_ doth himself confess it to be
so; for, says he, _The act of the Witch is plainly Natural; onely the
stirring up of the vertue or power in the Witch comes from Satan._
But I cannot understand what your _Author_ means, by the departing of
spiritual rays from the Witch into Man, or any other animal, which she
intends to kill or hurt; nor how Spirits wander about in the Air, and
have their mansions there; for men may talk as well of impossibilities,
as of such things which are not composed of Natural Matter: If man were
an Incorporeal Spirit himself, he might, perhaps, sooner conceive the
essence of a Spirit, as being of the same Nature; but as long as he is
material, and composed of Natural Matter, he might as well pretend to
know the Essence of God, as of an Incorporeal Spirit. Truly, I must
confess, I have had some fancies oftentimes of such pure and subtil
substances, purer and subtiler then the Sky or Æthereal substance is,
whereof I have spoken in my Poetical Works; but these substances, which
I conceived within my fancy, were material, and had bodies, though
never so small and subtil; for I was never able to conceive a substance
abstracted from all Matter, for even Fancy it self is material, and
all Thoughts and Conceptions are made by the rational Matter, and
so are those which Philosophers call Animal Spirits, but a material
Fancy cannot produce immaterial effects, that is, Ideas of Incorporeal
Spirits: And this was the cause that in the first impression of my
_Philosophical Opinions_, I named the sensitive and rational Matter,
sensitive and rational Spirits, because of its subtilty, activity
and agility; not that I thought them to be immaterial, but material
Spirits: but since Spirits are commonly taken to be immaterial, and
Spirit and Body are counted opposite to one another, to prevent
a misapprehension in the thoughts of my Readers, as if I meant
Incorporeal Spirits, I altered this expression in the last Edition, and
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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