Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
cannot rule, measure nor demonstrate Nature, no more, then Chymical
Divisions, Dissolutions and Extractions (or rather distractions, nay,
I may say destructions) can divide, dissolve, extract, compose, and
unite, as Nature doth; Wherefore their Instruments, Figures, Furnaces,
Limbecks, and Engines, cannot instruct them of the truth of Natures
Principles; but the best and readiest way to find out Nature, or rather
some truth of Nature, is sense and reason, which are Parts of Natures
active substance, and therefore the truest informers of Nature; but
the Ignorance of Nature has caused Ignorance amongst Philosophers,
and the Ignorance of Philosophers hath caused numerous Opinions, and
numerous Opinions have caused various Discourses and Disputes; which
Discourses and Disputes, are not Sense and Reason, but proceed from
Irregular Motions; and Truth is not found in Irregularities. But to
return to Life: it seems your _Author_ hath taken his opinion from
_Lucian's_ Kingdom of Lights, the Lights being the Inhabitants thereof;
and when any was adjudged to die, his Light was put out, which was his
punishment: And thus this Heathenish Fiction is become a Christian
Verity; when as yet your _Author_ rayls much at those, that insist upon
the Opinions and Doctrine of Pagan Philosophers. Wherefore I will leave
this Poetical Fancy of Life, and turn to Death, and see what opinion
your _Author_ hath of that. First, concerning the cause or original of
Death; _Neither God_, says he,[2] _nor the Evil Spirit, is the Creator
of Death, but Man onely, who made Death for himself; Neither did Nature
make death, but Man made death natural._ Which if it be so, then Death
being, to my opinion, a natural Creature, as well as Life, Sickness,
and Health; Man, certainly, had great Power, as to be the Creator of a
natural Creature. But, I would fain know the reason, why your _Author_
is so unwilling to make God the Author of Death, and Sickness, as well
as of Damnation? Doth it imply any Impiety or Irreligiousness? Doth
not God punish, as well as reward? and is not death a punishment for
our sin? You may say, Death came from sin, but sin did not come from
God. Then some might ask from whence came sin? You will say, From the
Transgression of the Command of God, as the eating of the Forbidden
Fruit. But from whence came this Transgression? It might be answer'd,
From the Perswasion of the Serpent. From whence came this Perswasion?
From his ill and malitious nature to oppose God, and ruine the race of
Mankind. From whence came this ill Nature? From his Fall. Whence came
his Fall? From his Pride and Ambition to be equal with God. From whence
came this Pride? From his Free-will. From whence came his Free-will?
From God. Thus, _Madam_, if we should be too inquisitive into the
actions of God, we should commit Blasphemy, and make God Cruel, as to
be the Cause of Sin, and consequently of Damnation. But although God
is not the Author of Sin, yet we may not stick to say, that he is the
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