Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
Passing by those Chapters of your _Authors_, that treat of _Power and
Act, Identy and Difference, Analogisme, Angle and Figure, Figures
deficient, dimension of Circles_, and several others, most of which
belong to art, as to Geometry, and the like; I am come to that wherein
he discourses of _Sense_ and _Animal Motion_, saying,[1] _That some
Natural bodies have in themselves the patterns almost of all things,
and others of none at all_; Whereof my opinion is, that the sensitive
and rational parts of Matter are the living and knowing parts of
Nature, and no part of nature can challenge them onely to it self, nor
no creature can be sure, that sense is onely in Animal-kind, and reason
in Man-kind; for can any one think or believe that Nature is ignorant
and dead in all her other parts besides Animals? Truly this is a very
unreasonable opinion; for no man, as wise as he thinks himself, nay
were all Man-kind joyned into one body, yet they are not able to know
it, unless there were no variety of parts in nature, but onely one
whole and individeable body, for other Creatures may know and perceive
as much as Animals, although they have not the same Sensitive Organs,
nor the same manner or way of Perception. Next your _Author_ says,[2]
_The cause of Sense or Perception consists herein, that the first organ
of sense is touched and pressed; For when the uttermost part of the
organ is pressed, it no sooner yields, but the part next within it is
pressed also, and in this manner the pressure or motion is propagated
through all the parts of the organ to the innermost. And thus also the
pressure of the uttermost part proceeds from the pressure of some more
remote body, and so continually, till we come to that, from which, as
from its fountain, we derive the Phantasme or Idea, that is made in
us by our sense: And this, whatsoever it be, is that we commonly call
the object; Sense therefore is some Internal motion in the Sentient,
generated by some Internal motion of the Parts of the object, and
propagated through all the media to the innermost part of the organ.
Moreover there being a resistance or reaction in the organ, by reason
of its internal motion against the motion propagated from the object,
there is also an endeavour in the organ opposite to the endeavour
proceeding from the object, and when that endeavour inwards is the last
action in the act of sense, then from the reaction a Phantasme or Idea
has its being._ This is your _Authors_ opinion, which if it were so,
perception could not be effected so suddenly, nay I think the sentient
by so many pressures in so many perceptions, would at last be pressed
to death, besides the organs would take a great deal of hurt, nay
totally be removed out of their places, so as the eye would in time be
prest into the centre of the brain; And if there were any Resistance,
Reaction or Indeavour in the organ, opposite to the Endeavour of the
object, there would, in my opinion, be always a war between the animal
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