Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
Before I begin my Reflections upon the Opinions of those Authors you
sent me, I will answer first your Objection concerning the Ground of my
Philosophy, which is Infinite Matter: For you were pleased to mention,
That you could not well apprehend, how it was possible, that many
Infinites could be contained in one Infinite, since one Infinite takes
up all Place Imaginary, leaving no room for any other; Also, if one
Infinite should be contained in an other Infinite, that which contains,
must of necessity be bigger then that which is contained, whereby the
Nater of Infinite would be lost; as having no bigger nor less, but
being of an Infinite quantity.
First of all, _Madam_, there is no such thing as All in Infinite, nor
any such thing as All the Place, for Infinite is not circumscribed
nor limited: Next, as for that one Infinite cannot be in an other
Infinite, I answer, as well as one Finite can be in another Finite;
for one Creature is not onely composed of Parts, but one Part lies
within another, and one Figure within another, and one Motion within
another. As for example, Animal Kind, have they not Internal and
External Parts, and so Internal and External Motions? And are not
Animals, Vegetables and Minerals inclosed in the Elements? But as for
Infinites, you must know, _Madam_, that there are several kindes of
Infinites. For there is first Infinite in quantity or bulk, that is
such a big and great Corporeal substance, which exceeds all bounds
and limits of measure, and may be called Infinite in Magnitude. Next
there is Infinite in Number, which exceeds all numeration and account,
and may be termed Infinite in Multitude; Again there is Infinite in
Quality; as for example, Infinite degrees of softness, hardness,
thickness, thinness, heat and cold, &c. also Infinite degrees of
Motion, and so Infinite Creations, Infinite Compositions, Dissolutions,
Contractions, Dilations, Digestions, Expulsions; also Infinite degrees
of Strength, Knowledg, Power, &c. Besides there is Infinite in Time,
which is properly named Eternal. Now, when I say, that there is but
one Infinite, and that Infinite is the Onely Matter, I mean infinite
in bulk and quantity. And this Onely matter, because it is Infinite
in bulk, must of necessity be divisible into infinite Parts, that is,
infinite in number, not in bulk or quantity; for though Infinite Parts
in number make up one infinite in quantity, yet they considered in
themselves, cannot be said Infinite, because every Part is of a certain
linked and circumscribed Figure, Quantity and Proportion, whereas
Infinite hath no limits nor bounds: besides it is against the nature
of a single Part to be Infinite, or else there would be no difference
between the Part and the whole, the nature of a Part requiring that it
must be less then its whole, but all what is less hath a determined
quantity, and so becomes finite. Therefore it is no absurdity to say,
that an Infinite may have both Finite and Infinite Parts, Finite in
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