Philosophy and Religion: Six Lectures Delivered at CambridgeRashdall, Hastings
Religion
Philosophy and Religion: Six Lectures Delivered at Cambridge
Rashdall, Hastings
Christianity; Philosophy and religion
capacity--though doubtless a variable capacity--of judging which is the
true {66} view. Hence our moral judgements, in so far as they are true
judgements, must be taken to be reproductions in us of the thought of
God. To show that an idea has been gradually developed, tells us
nothing as to its truth or falsehood--one way or the other.
(3) In comparing the self-evidence of moral to that of mathematical
judgements, it is not suggested that our moral judgements in detail are
as certain, as clear and sharply defined, as mathematical judgements,
or that they can claim so universal a consensus among the competent.
What is meant is merely (_a_) that the notion of good in general is an
ultimate category of thought; that it contains a meaning intelligible
not perhaps to every individual human soul, but to the normal,
developed, human consciousness; and (_b_) that the ultimate truth of
morals, if it is seen at all, must be seen immediately. An ultimate
moral truth cannot be deduced from, or proved by, any other truth. You
cannot prove that pleasure is better than pain, or that virtue is
better than pleasure, to any one who judges differently. It does not
follow that all men have an equally clear and delicate moral
consciousness. The power of discriminating moral values differs as
widely as the power of distinguishing musical sounds, or of
appreciating what is excellent in music. Some men may be almost or
altogether without such a power of moral discrimination, just as some
men are wholly {67} destitute of an ear for music; while the higher
degrees of moral appreciation are the possession of the few rather than
of the many. Moral insight is not possessed by all men in equal
measure. Moral genius is as rare as any other kind of genius.
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