Physiological economy in nutrition, with special reference to the minimal proteid requirement of the healthy man: an experimental studyChittenden, R. H. (Russell Henry)
Science
Physiological economy in nutrition, with special reference to the minimal proteid requirement of the healthy man: an experimental study
Chittenden, R. H. (Russell Henry)
Metabolism; Nutrition
The question of safety is a pertinent one. Thus, Munk[23] some years
ago (1893) sounded a warning on this point which was later confirmed by
Rosenheim.[24] Both of these observers reported that in dogs fed for some
time on a low proteid diet, but with an abundance of carbohydrate and
fat, there was after some weeks (6-8) a loss of the power of absorption
from the alimentary tract, dependent not alone upon a changed condition
of the epithelial cells of the intestine, but also upon a diminished
secretion of the digestive juices, loss of body-weight, strength, and
vigor, followed speedily by death. If these results were really due
to the low proteid diet, they suggest a grave danger which must not be
lightly passed by. Jägerroos[25] has likewise observed, experimenting on
dogs, that there was, after some months, a striking disturbance of the
intestines on a low proteid intake, which, however, was eventually traced
to a distinct infection, and probably in no manner connected with the
diminished amount of proteid in the diet. In these various experiments
on dogs carried out by Munk, Rosenheim, and by Jägerroos, there was of
necessity great monotony in the diet, and in Munk’s experiments no fresh
meat at all was fed, but simply dried food. In other words, if the diet
was in any sense responsible for the poor health of the animals, it is
fully as plausible to attribute the results to the abnormal conditions
under which the animals were kept as to any specific effect due to the
low proteid intake. It is very essential that the food of dogs, as of
men, shall fulfil all ordinary hygienic conditions. It must be not only
of sufficient quantity for the true needs of the body, but it should
also have the necessary variety with reasonable degree of digestibility,
and proper volume or bulk. When these qualities are lacking, it is not
strange if deviations from the normal gradually develop. That the low
intake of proteid food could be responsible for the condition existing
in Munk’s and Rosenheim’s experiments is not plausible; a view which is
strongly reinforced by many observations, notably those of Albu[26] on a
woman thirty-seven years old and weighing 37.5 kilos, who had followed a
vegetarian diet for six years, and who while under Albu’s care for two
years consumed only 34 grams of proteid per day, the total fuel value of
the food being only 1400 calories per day. This woman was in nitrogenous
equilibrium on 5.4 grams of nitrogen, and on this diet had freed herself
from the illness to which she had long been subject.
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