Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
[5] Bichat seems here to adopt the generally received opinion
that it is the chyle which furnishes to the mammary gland the
materials of which the milk is composed. We know not whence this
opinion arises, if it be not from the gross resemblance which the
chyle and milk often exhibit. This resemblance, if it were very
great, would be a poor reason for admitting, without anatomical
proof, so singular a fact; but it is very far from being perfect.
The chyle in fact does not exhibit the milky appearance and the
white opaque colour, only when the animal from whom it is taken,
has fed upon substances containing fat; in all other cases, it is
almost transparent; its odour and taste, under all circumstances,
differ entirely from those of milk; if these two fluids are left
to themselves, the milk remains a long time without coagulating,
but the chyle almost immediately coagulates, and then separates
into three parts. The solid portion soon exhibits cells, and an
appearance of organization; nothing similar is seen in the coagulum
of milk; the serum of the milk remains colourless when exposed
to the simple contact of the air, that of the chyle assumes a
rosy tint, often very vivid. Finally, if we examine the chemical
composition of these two fluids, we shall find in them differences
still more striking. (See for farther details, my Elements of
Physiology, Vol. 2d.)
CHAPTER II.
GENERAL DIFFERENCES OF THE TWO LIVES WITH REGARD TO THE OUTWARD
FORM OF THEIR RESPECTIVE ORGANS.
The organs of the animal life are symmetrical, those of the organic
life irregular in their conformation; in this circumstance consists
the most essential of their differences. Such character, however,
to some animals, and among the fish, to the sole and turbot
especially, is not applicable; but in man it is exactly traced, as
well as in all the genera which are nearest to him in perfection.
In them alone am I about to examine it.
I. _Symmetry of the external forms of the animal life._[6]
Two globes in every respect the same, receive the impressions of
light. Sounds and odours, have also their double analogous organ.
A single membrane is affected to savours, but the median line is
manifest upon it, and the two segments, which are indicated by it,
are exactly similar. This line indeed is not every where to be seen
in the skin, but it is every where implied. Nature, as it were,
has forgotten to describe it, but from space to space she has laid
down a number of points, which mark its passage. The cleft at the
extremity of the nose, of the chin, and the middle of the lips, the
umbilicus, the seam of the perineum, the projection of the spinous
apophyses of the back, and the hollow at the posterior part of the
neck are the principal points at which it is shewn.
The Nerves, which transmit the impressions received by the senses,
are evidently assembled in symmetrical pairs.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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