Physiological Researches on Life and Death — John Shaqi
Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
Along with the phenomena of the animal life, let us now consider
those of the organic life, and we shall find that harmony has
nothing to do with them. Of what detriment would it be to the
general health of the individual, should one of his kidneys be
stronger than the other, and secrete more urine; should one of his
lungs be better unfolded than the other, admit more venous, and
send out more arterial blood; should a less organic force be the
lot of the salivary glands on one side than on the other side of
his body? The simple function, to which both organs concur, would
not be performed less perfectly. Whenever but a slight fulness
supervenes on one side of the liver, spleen, or pancreas, the sound
part makes up for the defect, and the function is little disturbed.
The circulation also remains unaltered among the frequent
variations in the vascular system of each side of the body, whether
such variations exist naturally, or whether they arise from some
artificial obliteration of the larger vessels as in aneurism.
Hence we find those numerous irregularities of structure, those
malconformations, which as I have said may be remarked in the
organic life, and nothing of a morbid nature in consequence
arising. From hence we see that almost continual succession of
modifications, which lessen or increase the circle of the organic
functions. The vital powers, and their exciting causes, are
continually varying, and thus occasion a constant instability in
the functions of the organs, for a thousand causes may at every
moment double or triple the activity of the circulation, and
respiration, increase or diminish the quantity of bile, urine, or
saliva, and suspend or augment the nutrition of the parts. Hunger,
food, sleep, motion, rest, and the passions may all of them impress
upon these functions so great a mobility, as every day to make them
run through a hundred degrees of strength or weakness.
In the animal life on the contrary, every thing is uniform and
constant, the powers of the senses cannot experience these
alternate modifications, or at least, not in so marked a manner.
Indeed they are at all times in a state of relation with the
physical powers, which preside over exterior bodies; now the latter
remaining unaltered, such variations would destroy all relative
connexion, and thus the functions cease.
Besides, if this mobility, which characterises the organic life,
were the attribute of sensation--for the same reason it would be
that of all the operations of the mind. In such case of what would
man consist? The perpetual sport of every thing surrounding him, he
would find his existence at one time little different from that of
inanimate matter, at others superior in perfection and energy to
that even which he now enjoys, allied at one time to the brute, at
another, to spiritual nature.
FOOTNOTES:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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