Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
In this concatenation of the organic phenomena, each function
depends immediately upon those which precede it. The centre of them
all, the circulation, is immediately connected with the exercise
of them all, for when this is troubled, they languish, when this
ceases, they cease also. Just in the same manner the movements of a
clock all stop with the pendulum. Nor only is the general action of
the organic life connected with the heart; but there cannot exist a
single function of this nature unconnected with all the others, for
without secretion, there can be no digestion, without exhalation
no absorption, without digestion no nutrition. Hence as a general
character of the organic functions may be indicated continuity of
action, and mutual dependence.
II. _Of intermission of action in the organic life._
In the exercise of the functions of the animal life, there will
be regularly seen an alternation of activity and repose, complete
intermissions, and not remissions only.
Fatigued by long continued action, the senses all alike become
for a time, incapable of receiving any further impression. The
ear loses its sensibility to sound, the eye to light, the tongue
to savours, the pituitary membrane to smells, the touch to the
qualities of bodies about which it is conversant, and all this for
the sole reason that the respective functions of these different
organs, have for a long time been exercised.
In like manner, the brain fatigued by too great an effort in
the exercise of any of its powers, in order to regain its
excitability, must cease to act for a period proportioned to the
duration of its preceding action. The muscles also after having
been strongly contracted, before they can contract anew, must
remain for awhile in a state of relaxation. Hence in locomotion,
and the exertion of the voice, there must be intermissions.
Such then is the character peculiar to the organs of the animal
life. They cease to act because they have acted. They become
fatigued, their exhausted powers must be renewed.
This intermission is sometimes general, sometimes partial. When
a single organ, for a long time has been exercised, the others
remaining inactive, it relaxes and sleeps, the others continuing
to watch.--Hence, without doubt, proceeds the reason, why there is
no immediate dependence among the functions of this order on each
other. The senses being shut up against sensation, the brain may
still subsist in action, may remember, imagine, or reflect. In such
case the power of locomotion and the voice also, may equally well
be exercised, and these in like manner may remain unexercised, and
the activity of the senses be in no-wise impaired.
Thus the animal at will may fatigue any one of the parts of this
life, and on this very account, such parts must all of them possess
a capability of being relaxed, a power of repairing their forces in
an isolated manner. This is the partial sleep of the organs.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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