Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
I know not for what reason the powers of absorption and exhalation
should not be subject to the same influence, though they appear to
be less so; may not dropsies, and all infiltrations of the cellular
membrane, the peculiar vices of these two functions, depend on
mental affection?
In the midst of these disturbances, of these partial or general
revolutions which are produced by the passions in the organic
phenomena, let us consider the actions of the animal life;
they constantly remain unaltered, or if they do experience any
derangement, such derangement has ever its source in the internal
functions.
From so many considerations we may conclude that it is upon the
organic and not upon the animal life that the passions exercise
their influence. Accordingly, whatever serves to paint them must
relate to the former. Of this assertion, our gestures which are
the mute expressions both of the sentiment and understanding are a
remarkable proof. Thus if we indicate any operation of the memory,
imagination or judgment, the hand is carried to the head; do we
wish to express either love or hatred, or joy or sorrow, it is to
the seat of the heart, the stomach or intestines, that it is then
directed.
The actor, who should mistake in this respect, who in speaking of
sorrow should refer his gestures to his head, or carry them to his
heart, for the purpose of announcing an effort of genius, would be
ridiculed for a reason which we should better feel than comprehend.
The very language of the vulgar, at a time when the learned
referred to the brain, as the seat of the soul, affections of all
kinds, distinguished the respective attributes of the two lives.
We have always said a strong head, a head well organized to denote
perfection of mind; a good heart, a sensible heart, to indicate
proper feeling. The expressions of fury circulating in the veins,
and stirring up the bile; of joy making the heart leap, of
jealousy distilling its passions into the heart, are by no means
poetical expressions, but the enunciation of that which actually
takes place in nature. In this way do all these expressions, the
language of the internal functions enter into our poetry, which in
consequence is the language of the passions or the organic life, as
ordinary speech, is that of the understanding or the animal life.
Declamation holds a middle place between the two, and animates the
cold language of the brain by the expressive language of the inward
organs.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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