Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
I shall even venture to assert that anger and love inoculate,
if I may so express myself, into the humours, into the saliva
particularly, a radical vice, which renders dangerous the bite of
animals at such times; for these passions do really distil into the
fluids a poison, as we indicate the fact by our common expressions.
The violent passions of the nurse have frequently given her milk a
pernicious quality, from whence disease has followed to the child;
and in the same way shall we explain from the modifications which
the blood of the mother receives under strong emotion, the manner,
in which these emotions operate on the nutrition, the conformation,
and even on the life of the fœtus. And not only do the passions
essentially influence the organic functions, in affecting their
respective viscera, but the state of these viscera, their lesions,
the variation of their forces concur in a decided way to the
production of the passions themselves. Their relations with age and
temperament, establish incontestably this fact.
Who does not know for instance, that the individual of the sanguine
temperament, whose expansion of lungs is great, whose circulatory
system is large and strong; who does not know that such a man
is possessed of a disposition to anger and violence? that when
the bilious system prevails, the passions of envy and hatred are
more particularly developed? that when the lymphatic system is
pronounced, are pronounced also the inactivity and dulness of the
individual?
In general that which characterises any particular temperament,
consists in a correspondent modification on one hand of the
passions, and on the other of the state of the organic viscera. The
animal life is almost always a stranger to the attributes of the
temperaments.
The same may be said of age; the weakness of the organization of
the child coincides with his timidity. The development of the
pulmonary and vascular system, with the courage and temerity of the
youth; that of the liver, and the gastric system with the envy,
ambition and intrigue of manhood.
In considering the passions as affected by climate and season, the
same relations are observed between them and the organic functions;
but physicians have sufficiently noticed these analogies, and it
would be useless to repeat them.
At present, if from man in a state of health, we look to man in
a state of disease, we shall see that the lesions of the liver,
of the stomach, of the spleen, the intestines and heart produce a
variety of alterations in our affections, which all of them cease
together with their causes.
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