Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiology — John Shaqi
Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiologyBerger, E. W. (Edward William)
Science
Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiology
Berger, E. W. (Edward William)
Cubomedusae
Conant says, “It seems I get no good evidence of the subumbrella without
connection with special nerve centers being able to contract by itself.”
The piece in which he did get contractions he suspects may have been
intimately associated with some part of the frenula or the suspensoria.
In Polyclonia no such doubt exists, for small pieces of subumbrella
were seen to contract. A small piece of subumbrella of Charybdea with a
sensory club attached could contract by itself.
From the above it would seem that a center capable of inciting to
contractions resided in the suspensoria as well as in the sensory
clubs, and this may be one of the centers that becomes potent upon the
removal of the clubs. This is further supported by Conant’s observation
(Introduction and “Cubomedusæ”) that an extra large number of ganglion
cells is found under the epithelium of the suspensoria. A somewhat
similarly located center of spontaneity described by Romanes for
_Staurophora laciniata_ (Hydromedusa) has already been noted.
As to the rapid pulsations of the bell after cutting out the stomach
end, this also is similar to Romanes’ results on Aurelia and other
Scyphomedusæ, when he cut off parts of the manubrium or an aboral ring
out of the bell. In these instances, however, Romanes soon obtained
a slackening of the rhythm following the temporary acceleration. The
temporary acceleration he attributes to the stimulus of cutting, and the
slackening to a lack of some afferent stimulus from the removed tissue.
Conant obtained the same results on Polyclonia by removing the oral arms
(see Polyclonia) but says nothing about a slackening of the rhythm in
Charybdea. I believe the increased rhythm in Charybdea was in part due to
the decreased amount of labor necessary to force the water out of two
openings instead of one, namely, past the velarium. Just how much this
observation bears upon Romanes’ theory of rhythmic contraction, that the
rhythm is due to an alternate exhaustion and recovery of the contractile
tissue, as opposed to the ganglionic theory of rhythm of physiologists,
one does not wish to speculate much. Yet, I feel that the observation
rather supports this theory. The tissue having to do less work, would
become less exhausted at each contraction and require less time for
recovery and hence have a more rapid rhythm.
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