Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiology — John Shaqi
Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiologyBerger, E. W. (Edward William)
Science
Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiology
Berger, E. W. (Edward William)
Cubomedusae
The fact that a margin of Cassiopœa and also of Polyclonia, connected
with but one ganglion, often originated contractions in other parts as
well as from the ganglion, seems to show that motor centers resided
in the margin outside of the ganglia. This would be somewhat at
variance with Romanes’ conclusion, that no such centers existed in the
Scyphomedusæ. Conant does not state whether the Polyclonia margin in
question was kept in fresh sea-water or whether the water was not changed
during the seven days. If the latter is the case, then some poisonous
compounds may have been formed that acted as a stimulus much as weakly
acidulated water served Romanes in producing rhythmic contractions in
deganglionated bells.
Again, while it is true that no ganglia are known to exist in the margins
of the Scyphomedusæ outside of the ganglia in the marginal bodies, yet,
ganglion cells and nerve fibers are found in the subumbral part of the
margin as well as in the rest of the umbrella. And as I know no reason
why scattered ganglion cells may not function as ganglia, it is possible
that the contractions in question were spontaneous.
Finally, is it possible that the remaining ganglion originated the
contractions in different parts of the margin, thus acting at a distance
from the points at which contractions originated? Romanes gives an
instance in which he believed to have evidence that this was the case.
Upon a final consideration I am inclined to this latter explanation.
SUMMARY.
Summing up for Charybdea, we have seen that it is very sensitive to
light, strong light as also darkness inhibiting pulsations, while
moderate light stimulates it to activity. Also, a sudden change from
weaker to stronger light, or _vice versa_, may inhibit or stimulate to
activity respectively. This behavior of Charybdea seems to be correlated
with its habit of life on the bottom. We have no reason to doubt but that
the eyes of the sensory clubs are the seat of light sensation.
The experiments on equilibration are negative, giving us no certain
light on the function of the concretions, though it appears that they
may serve, in part at least, for keeping the sensory clubs properly
suspended. Their function in giving the animal sensations of space
relations is not, however, excluded.
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