Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiology — John Shaqi
Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiologyBerger, E. W. (Edward William)
Science
Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiology
Berger, E. W. (Edward William)
Cubomedusae
Excision of the sensory clubs demonstrates that they are the seat of
important ganglionic centers, the removal of which results in temporary
paralysis and weakness. That they also are the seat of organs (eyes,
network-cells, concretions) that are of importance in giving information
in the life of Charybdea, is evident from the reaching motion of the
proboscis after the removal of the sensory clubs. Other centers of
spontaneity in their order of importance probably are: the radial ganglia
(one experiment); the interradial ganglia (?); the suspensoria, as shown
by their supplying stimuli to isolated pieces of the sides connected with
them; the frenula and the velarium, the latter of which gave contractions
when removed with the frenula or in pieces only. No evidence is given
that the frenula or the velarium can impart their contractions to other
tissue, though this seems probable for the former. The proboscis can also
contract of itself.
Reflexes between the velarium, frenula, subumbrella, sensory clubs,
nerve, and any one pedalium, on the one hand, and the pedalia on the
other hand, are very common, and point to the pedalia with the tentacles
as organs of defense and offense. The pedalia serve also as rudders in
swimming.
Finally, as judged by the results in this paper, Charybdea seems to
occupy, physiologically, a position intermediate between the Hydromedusæ
and the Scyphomedusæ. In its great activity as a swimmer, in its response
to light, and in its reflexes it is Hydromedusan, while in the paralysis
and recovery following the removal of its marginal bodies, as also in its
response with several pulsations instead of one, when a deganglionated
bell is stimulated, it is Scyphomedusan.
The observations on the Discomedusæ, Aurelia, Polyclonia, Cassiopœa,
demonstrate the existence of motor nerve centers in the marginal bodies;
but that other centers are present is shown by the recovery of pulsation
following the removal of the marginal bodies or the margin. These results
are mainly confirmatory of those of Romanes and Eimer. They differ from
these in the fact that margins of Polyclonia and Cassiopœa, with only one
ganglion attached, originated contractions distant from the ganglion.
Removing of a single lithocyst resulted in a slowing of pulsation, as did
also the removal of the oral lobes, though the immediate effect in the
latter case was an acceleration. Isolated pieces of the subumbrella could
contract.
DR. CONANT’S NOTES.
Below follow Dr. Conant’s notes. They are printed about as Conant left
them. Their order of succession, however, has been changed to bring
similar experiments together, while useless and often repeated ones
have been omitted, and short elliptical sentences completed. Where the
present writer wished to add any explanation, the same has been placed in
brackets.
CHARYBDEA.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account