Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiologyBerger, E. W. (Edward William)
Science
Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiology
Berger, E. W. (Edward William)
Cubomedusae
The _velarium_ in the above continued to give twitchings. The four
pedalia were cut off with plenty of the tissue at their bases to insure
the removal of _interradial ganglia_, and twitchings of the velarium
with irregular contractions continued. No full contraction all around
the velarium was noticed. When all the tissue was trimmed off as nearly
as possible down to the _velarium_, the latter still gave twitchings and
irregular contractions as before,--even more so as if excited by the
operation. The power of originating contractions evidently resides in the
velarium or in the ganglion cells of the frenula just as it does in the
proboscis and the floor of the stomach.
Small pieces cut from between the pedalium corners and the frenula, so as
to have tissue on them from neither, could contract by themselves. (See
also for Pedalia, Experiments 15, 23, 41b; Velarium 18, 41c.)
_Tentacles._--31. A cut-off tentacle can contract by itself, sometimes
with squirming contractions. A prick at either end can produce a forcible
contraction. A slight prick at the distal end may produce a local
contraction. The proximal end is more sensitive, but this difference
is not very marked. One with only the tentacles removed seemed to be a
little less able to guide itself well.
_Proboscis, Stomach, Phacelli._--32. The lips of the proboscis are
highly contractile by themselves. The movement of the stomach and the
phacelli goes on, after the lips are cut off, with increased vigor, due
to the stimulus of shock. The vigor and frequency of their contractions,
however, diminish quicker than that of the cut-off lips. (See for
Proboscis, 12, 15, 18, 26, 29; Stomach, 18, 24, 29, 31; Phacelli, 18, 24,
31.)
_Temperature._--33. Temperature does not seem to have much effect. Some
placed in a tumbler half full of water, in the bright sunlight, swam
vigorously over three-fourths of an hour. The water was quite warm to the
hand.
34. The above experiment was repeated with the same results. A
thermometer placed in the water with them showed 92° F.; hung in the sun
near by, it showed 94° F.
Ice in the water did not stop their pulsating temporarily or permanently,
except that it did for a short time after being held against one. Even
then it took some time (fifteen to twenty pulsations) before it produced
any effect.
35. Ice placed in the water again showed no marked effect. They swam as
lively as ever. Some, after pulsating against the ice for a little while,
seemed to be less vigorous, but quickly recovered in another part of the
jar. Others did not seem to be the least bit affected by contact with the
ice.
_Food and Feeding._--36. I tried to feed one. A red and a white copepod
were put into the subumbrella cavity. No attempt to eat it was observed
in either case, though the copepods remained in the subumbrella cavity
for some time.
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