Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiologyBerger, E. W. (Edward William)
Science
Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiology
Berger, E. W. (Edward William)
Cubomedusae
(b) The plain subectodermal _muscle-fibers_ are of interest. In
Charybdea they lie wholly enclosed within canals of the supporting
lamella (Fig. 32, upper part). They run longitudinally, and near the
base of each tentacle pass out of their canals and become strictly
subectodermal (Figs. 31, 32). This is for Charybdea. In Tripedalia they
rarely come to lie in closed canals as in Charybdea. These facts show
beyond doubt that these muscles are developed from the ectoderm. Claus
has suggested their ectodermal origin, but did not demonstrate it. He
also suggested that they become inclosed in canals by the supporting
lamella pushing up around them and finally fusing above them. This, I
believe, is demonstrated by the conditions in Tripedalia (Fig. 29). Here
the canals usually remain open, but occasionally, as in the left-hand
canal, one may become completely inclosed. This condition of things
suggests the intra-lamellar muscles found in actiniarians. The nuclei
found in the canals with the muscle-fibers probably belong to the cells
from which the muscles become differentiated. Claus figures these
muscle-fibers and nuclei, and it may be added that the supporting lamella
he figures, for C. marsupialis, is much thicker than I have figured it
for C. Xaymacana and Tripedalia cystophora. The number of muscle-canals
also is greater and occupies a much greater depth of the thickness of
the lamella. Since Claus gives a figure of a transverse section showing
the muscles in their enclosed canals, I have not deemed it necessary to
duplicate his figure. In the transition from a tentacle to a pedalium,
the muscles are most strongly developed toward and at the edges of the
pedalium. This is true for the pedalia in general, and accounts for
the readiness with which they can be bent inwards, as noted in the
physiological part of this paper.
(c) I have found a single _ganglion-cell_ among the cells of the ectoderm
of the tentacles. This showed so plainly that I have figured it (Fig.
28). Other ganglion-cells no doubt exist, but could probably not be
distinguished from other cells. In its position in Fig. 28 it appears to
be associated with the nettle-cell shown just above it. Its position is
very much the same as that figured by Lendenfeld (25a).
_The Endoderm._--The cells of the endoderm of a tentacle are long and
quite slender (Fig. 31). At their bases they are vacuolated quite like
the cells of the ampulla and the canal of the sensory clubs. They contain
a well-formed nucleus with a nucleolus. In their distal half small light
bodies with a dark center are very evident. These bodies are evidently a
secretion.
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