Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiologyBerger, E. W. (Edward William)
Science
Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiology
Berger, E. W. (Edward William)
Cubomedusae
Dr. Conant further experimented by cutting off certain organs and parts
from the Cubomedusan bell. These excisions consisted chiefly in cutting
out the concretions of the sensory clubs, cutting off the whole club,
eliminating a part or whole of the margin and the velarium, cutting the
bell into sectors, excising the stomach and parts connected with it, and
other parts.
_Concretions_--Experiments 10, 11.--The four concretions were removed
from each of four animals. Two of these (Experiments 10, and another (X),
not appended, to save space) seemed to be little if at all affected by
the operation. One of the two (10) swam actively, at first up and down
more changeably than those intact, but later mostly near the surface.
The other one also swam actively and showed nothing to indicate weakened
sense-perception. The other two (11) did not stand the operation well, as
Conant remarks, and immediately went to the bottom, where they remained,
one swimming, while eight hours later one was still in good condition.
Several attempts with stronger light by removing the coat from the
jar made no difference in the behavior of 10; it continued to swim as
heretofore. Upon a final trial, however, with removing the coat, it went
to the bottom, thus showing a possible reaction to light; but when next
seen it was keeping to the bottom.
That the concretions should function as organs of light sensation, as
the first of the above animals might seem to indicate, I believe is out
of the question.[a] The fact, too, that this same animal (10), together
with another (X), swam actively, immediately changing their course upon
coming to the surface, in reality behaving quite as normal animals,
hardly permits us to conclude from the behavior of the other two (11)
that the concretions function directly as organs of equilibrium or space
relations. May these concretions not function simply as weights for
keeping the sensory clubs with their eyes properly suspended? Since these
concretions lie at the lowermost part of the clubs and in closed sacs and
unsupported by cilia, it would seem that the above suggestion as to their
being weights is not improbable. Direct observation (Experiment 20) by
Conant shows, furthermore, that the clubs always hang with a tendency for
the concretions to be lowermost, regardless of the position of the animal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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