“Once a crystal always a crystal” has an especial application to this point of our philosophy. Pulverising a crystal will not alter its structure, but simply reduces the size of the crystals. Crystals of white lead are unable to effect the necessary combination with the oil and form the true varnish which white amorphous lead so readily produces. Paint made with the precipitated white lead lacks body and covering power, and this because of the absence of this chemical union with the oil. The manufacture of white lead by process of precipitation, even were the resulting preparation suitable, does not correct the evils of the present method by Dutch or stack process of making white lead. A solution of lead may be precipitated in a few minutes, but it cannot be made so quickly. The white lead, after its precipitation, has to be filtered or separated, washed and dried, and ground to powder, which processes cannot occupy less time than a few weeks for completion. Precipitated white lead has been made in France and Germany for some years, and it is now manufactured in those countries. It is now made in England by one patent process, but the product lacks certain qualities, and is consequently still open to the objections already noted. Substitutes for white lead of a non-poisonous nature, or of such a nature as not to produce such deadly effects in their preparation or use as white lead does, have been proposed; their introduction has not, however, been a great success. A mixture of sulphate, sulphide and oxide of zinc is a patent white made by subliming galena in an oxidising furnace or hearth. This compound lacks body. All of these so-called substitutes are very inferior to white lead, not only as to quality but as to cost. They cannot compete with white lead. A committee of enquiry on these substitutes for white lead, reporting the result of their enquiry and examination, stated that they found that these were mostly prepared with varnishes before they were sold for use, and that in most instances they were mixed with a large quantity of driers, and that the drier invariably was a compound of lead. The principal consumption of white lead is for paint; to produce this paint it is ground with oil in varying proportions, about 8 to 15 per cent. This produces the ordinary white lead in oil, and is worth from 19_l._ to 20_l._ a ton, but often more than this amount.