(14) The word [bur (bet-vov-resh)] means "uncultivated" ([sadeh bur] "an uncultivated field"). It is used of an ignorant, uncultured, mannerless person, possessing no moral or spiritual virtues. Taylor translates it by "boor." [am ha'aretz], literally "people of the land," "country people," is applied to an individual who may possess good manners, and may be literate, but who has no religious knowledge, nor training, nor does not observe religious customs. Taylor renders it "vulgar." Mayer Sulzberger maintains that this term was applied to an assembly of representatives of the people constituting a body similar to the modern Parliament, and divided into a lower and upper house. See his "_The Am Ha-aretz, The Ancient Hebrew Parliament._" On the _Am ha-aretz_ and his opposite the _chaber_, see Schurer, _History_, II, ii, pp. 8, 9 and pp. 22 _et seq._, also Herford, _ibid._ pp. 46-47. (15) _I.e._, he who is ashamed to ask questions for fear of exposing his ignorance. (16) He who has no patience to answer all the questions of his pupils. (17) Cf. chapter IV, 12. One of the qualifications necessary for the acquirement of the _Torah_ is moderation in business. (18) Do not boldly push yourself forward; but where there is no one to fill the position of teacher or leader, or to be the head of the community, and you have the qualifications, do not shrink from being the man. (19) Retribution is sure. Cf. _Sanhedrin_, 100a and _Sotah_, 9b, "with what measure a man measures, is it measured unto him." (20) Cf. Prov. III, 1 and 2. (21) The expression "the world to come" may mean the Messianic days, the time after the Messianic era, the days after the resurrection or the spiritual hereafter. Maimonides discusses at length the various theories, in _Perek Chelek_ (Commentary on _Sanhedrin_, X, 1), which has been translated into English by J. Abelson, in the _Jewish Quarterly Review_ (London), vol. XXIX, p. 28 _et seq._ See also _The Hebrew Review_ (London, 1840), p. 254 _et seq._ Consult Schurer, _History_, II, ii, 92. 9. Rabban Jochanan, the son of Zakkai (22) received (the tradition) from Hillel and Shammai. He used to say, "If thou hast learnt much _Torah_, ascribe not any merit to thyself, for thereunto wast thou created."