(43) This prayer consists of three portions of the Pentateuch (Deut. VI, 4-9; XI, 13-21; Num. XV, 37-41), and gets its name from the initial word of the first portion. It is appointed to be read twice daily, in the morning and in the evening. On the time when the _Shema_ is to be read, see _Berachot_ I, 1. See Schurer, _History_, II, ii, 77, 83, _et seq._; Friedlander, _Jewish Religion_, pp. 430, 435; _Jewish Encyclopedia_, art. _Shema_, and Adler, in the _Jewish Review_ (London, 1910), vol. I, number 2, p. 159. (44) An important part of the ritual said at the daily morning, afternoon, and evening service, and also at the additional service on Sabbaths and holy days, is known as (1) _Tefillah_ (prayer)_, or (2) _Shemoneh Esreh_ (eighteen), or (3) _Amidah_ (standing). It is known as _Tefillah_ because it is considered the prayer _par excellence;_ as _Shemoneh Esreh_ because originally it consisted of eighteen prayers (now nineteen); and as _Amidah_ (by Sephardic Jews) because it must be said standing. The _Shema_ and the _Shemoneh Esreh_ have been appropriately styled the "two pillars of the fabric of the liturgy." See Schurer, _ibid._; Friedlander, _ibid._, pp. 430, 437; in the _Jewish Encyclopedia, art. _Shemoneh Esreh_; Schechter, _Studies_, II, pp. 67068; Adler, _ibid._, p. 159; and Herford, _ibid._, pp. 298-299. (45) Joel II, 13. (46) Do not do what your conscience tells you is wrong, even though it does not appear to others as such; or, do not sin in secret, thinking that you will escape punishment because others do not see you.