Ell, WIELL, WYLL, as a prefix, becomes our well.
Wudu = wood. So Saltwood is Sautwud in 1230.
Beorg = a hill, dative beorge, is easily confused with Burg = bush,
dative byrg, a fortified place, and then a city. From the former we get
our modern beogh, ber or barrow; from the latter our prefix Bur, and the
suffixes borough, burg, boro, and bury. The first syllable of Bearsted
may be either Beorg or Beorc, birch. Canterbury is the burg or fortified
city of the Cantwara or Kent-folk.
Hlu = a burial mound, developing later into the suffix low, lane, and
lew, may be found in Hadlow, and perhaps in the Hundreds of Ryngelo and
Cornilo in the Lathe of Borowart (now S. Augustine’s).
Considering the mainly forestal character of Saxon Kent, it is not
strange that many places are named from trees. Thus Ac = oak, appears in
Ockholt, Ackhanger, Ockley. Æsc in Ashford, Ashhurst, and several Ashes.
Our Nursted was Nutstede earlier. Perhaps to Ac also we may refer
Hocker’s Lane in Detling as a prefix to another Saxon word, ofer, a
shore or bring, though it may also be but a corruption of Oakham. In
numerous place-names, especially those derived from trees, we find this
suffix: Oakover (in Derbyshire), Ashover, Haselover, Birchover, commonly
shortened into Oaker, Asher, Hasler, and Bircher. So the lane near the
oak-tree or oak-wood would be Oakover Lane, Oaker or Ocker Lane, and
eventually Hocker’s Lane. With but one cottage in it, I can find no
tradition or trace of any personal name from which it might be called.
Apuldor, as for appletree, remains in Appledore; Birce or beorc, perhaps
in Bearsted, Birchington (?), Bekehurst.
Box, or byxe (derived from the Latin buxus) names many places, and early
forms in Bex, Bix, Bux, are found both as to Boxley and Bexley, as with
Boxhill and Bexhill in other counties.
Holegn = holen, adj. of holly, survives in Hollingbourne and Holborough;
Per (pear) in Perhamstead; Cherry in Cheriton; Plum in Plumstead; Elm in
Elmley, Elmstone, Elmstead, but only the wych-elm was indigenous, and
called Wice by the Saxons. Thorn we find in Thornham.
Haga, a Saxon name survives in our Hawthorn, and may help us to
understand the meaning of Eythorne, near Dover, and the Hundred of
Eyhorne, in which Detling is situated. The early name of Eythorne is
Hegythorne, _i.e._, Hawthorn, and the Hundred of Eythorde or Eyhorne (so
from 1347 A.D.) might well be the same, and named from the hamlet of
Iron Street is Hollingbourne, where Iron is plainly a late corruption of
an old word.
The Rev. E. McClure, in his _British Place-Names_, gives (p. 207 _et
seqq._) a list of words in old Saxon glossaries, ranging from the 7th to
the 9th centuries, which appear in British place-names. I extract those
which seem to apply to place-names in Kent.
Bodan = bottom, common in Kent for a narrow valley, _e.g._, East Bottom
at Kingsdown, near Walmer.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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