The great majority, however, denote the settlement of some Saxon (_i.e._
Jutish) family, such as Seafings or Sevingas at Sevington, the Ælings at
Allington, the Noningas at Nonington, the Cennings at Kennington, and so
forth. We find this Saxon patronymic “ing” in 37 of our Kentish place
names ending in ton, and when we add the ings like Barming (Bamling,
Barmelinge, and Berblinge in Early English documents), Beltring,
Bilting, Birling, Bobbing (Bobing-seata in a Saxon charter of
798—compare Bobbingsworth in Essex), Bramling. Bazing (at the junction
of Kent, Sussex and Surrey), reminds us of Basing and Basingstoke in
Hants and Basingham (in Domesday Book) in Sussex. Charing, Chevening
(although this may be earlier and Celtic), Cooling, Detling, perhaps
Drelingore, Eastling, Etching, Garlinge, Geddinge, Hacklinge, Hailing,
Hawkinge, Hucking, Kemsing, Lidsing (not Lyminge, however), Mailing,
Nullinge, Ospringe, Ottinge, Pedlinge, Postling, Ratling, Rawling,
Reading Street (three), Rowling, Ruckinge, Sandling (two), Selling,
Sellinge, Shelving, Spratling Street, Stelling, Stowting, Weavering
Street, Welling, Witchling, and Yalding; and when to these we add the
“inghams” I have given in a previous article, we might alter Tennyson’s
“Saxon, and Norman, and Dane are we,” into “Mostly Saxon are we as to
our place-names in Kent.” Our two Charltons are of old Ceorletone—the
town of the ceorls or husbandmen. Some “tons” come from personal names
also, _e.g._, Cuxton (compare Cuckfield in Sussex), Cuca and its
diminutive Cucola are found as Anglo-Saxon names, and as Cockstane the
place appears in Domesday, and as Cokelstone in 1472, nearly 400 years
later, with other forms Cockston, Coklestane, Cukelestane, Cookstone,
etc. (all pointing to stone, and not ton, being properly the final
syllable).
There is, however, obviously much to be done before we can know—or even
in some cases guess—as to the origin of some “tons” or “stones.”
Our “Hams.”
In considering the three score and ten, or more, place-names in Kent
which end in _ham_, we are met with the initial difficulty that there
are two Saxon words Ham—home, and Hamm—land drained by dykes, an East
Friesian word, though the far more common Ham is the Teutonic heim,
familiar as a suffix in Germany, which in Picardy becomes hen, and in
Friesland um. Either ton or ham as a suffix after _ing_ denotes where a
Saxon family or clan had settled and made its toun or heim. Thus the
Pæfings made a Pevington in Kent and a Pavingham in Bedfordshire, and
the Aldings an Aldington in Kent and Worcester, and an Aldingham in
Lancashire, the Leasings a Lossingham in Kent and a Lissington in
Lancashire. Such instances do not uphold what some have held—that there
were two words spelled the same, the one meaning home and the other an
enclosure.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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