An adequate study of existing conditions in the Heart of Chicago must show the necessity of providing adequate means of circulation from west to east throughout the business center. Chicago Avenue is already a wide thoroughfare capable of carrying the heavy traffic which inevitably it will be called upon to bear; and the widening of Twelfth Street is required as a means of giving access to the Lake front to the dense population west of the River, which is now practically shut off from the enjoyment of this most attractive feature of Chicago life. It would be desirable to widen several of the east-and-west streets that pass through the present business district, but such a course would be inexpedient, on account of the prohibitive cost of the land and buildings abutting on those thoroughfares. For this reason it is not proposed to widen east-and-west streets north of Congress. It is within reasonable financial possibility, however, to develop a great avenue, extending from Michigan Avenue throughout the city and westward indefinitely. This would result in providing for all time to come a thoroughfare which would be to the city what the backbone is to the body. Thus, and thus only, is it possible to establish organic unity, and, in connection with the improvement of the streets above mentioned, to give order and coherence to the plan of Chicago. [Illustration: CXXXIII. PARIS. THE PLACE DE LA CONCORDE, LOOKING OVER THE SEINE TOWARDS THE MADELEINE. This square is one of the great circulatory centers, placed on the grand axis of the city (the Champs Élyseés) and the circuit of the grand boulevards.] [Illustration: CXXXIV. DRESDEN. THE ZWINGERHOF. A formal arrangement of architecture and public gardens in the center of a city.]