First condition of things all--the primordial varieties of matter were huddled together in confusion. [Greek: Nou=s] or reason, distinct from all of them, supervened and acted upon this confused mass, setting the constituent particles in movement 49 Movement of rotation in the mass, originated by [Greek: Nou=s] on a small scale, but gradually extending itself. Like particles congregate together--distinguishable aggregates are formed 50 Nothing (except [Greek: Nou=s]) can be entirely pure or unmixed; but other things may be comparatively pure. Flesh, Bone, &c., are purer than Air or Earth 51 Theory of Anaxagoras, compared with that of Empedokles 52 Suggested partly by the phenomena of of animal nutrition 53 Chaos common to both Empedokles and Anaxagoras: moving agency, different in one from the other theory 54 [Greek: Nou=s], or mind, postulated by Anaxagoras--how understood by later writers--how intended by Anaxagoras himself _ib._ Plato and Aristotle blame Anaxagoras for deserting his own theory 56 Astronomy and physics of Anaxagoras 57 His geology, meteorology, physiology 58 The doctrines of Anaxagoras were regarded as offensive and impious 59 Diogenes of Apollonia recognises one primordial element 60 Air was the primordial, universal element 61 Air possessed numerous and diverse properties; was eminently modifiable _ib._ Physiology of Diogenes--his description of the veins in the human body 62 Kosmology and Meteorology 64 Leukippus and Demokritus--Atomic theory 65 Long life, varied travels, and numerous compositions, of Demokritus _ib._ Relation between the theory of Demokritus and that of Parmenides 66 Demokritean theory--Atoms Plena and Vacua--Ens and Non-Ens 67 Primordial atoms differed only in magnitude, figure, position, and arrangement--they had no qualities, but their movements and combinations generated qualities 69 Combination of atoms--generating different qualities in the compound 70 All atoms essentially separate from each other 71 All properties of objects, except weight and hardness, were phenomenal and relative to the observer. Sensation could give no knowledge of the real and absolute _ib._ Reason alone gave true and real knowledge, but very little of it was attainable 72 No separate force required to set the atoms in motion--they moved by an inherent force of their own. Like atoms naturally tend towards like. Rotatory motion, the capital fact of the Kosmos 72 Researches of Demokritus on zoology and animal generation 75 His account of mind--he identified it with heat or fire, diffused throughout animals, plants, and nature generally. Mental particles intermingled throughout all frame with corporeal particles _ib._ Different mental aptitudes attached to different parts of the body 76 Explanation of different sensations and perceptions. Colours 77 Vision caused by the outflow of effluvia or images from objects. Hearing 78