Playwrights on playmaking : $b and other studies of the stage — John Shaqi
Playwrights on playmaking : $b and other studies of the stageMatthews, Brander
History
Playwrights on playmaking : $b and other studies of the stage
Matthews, Brander
Drama -- History and criticism; Theater
We know that there were two low comedians in the company, who
appeared as the two Dromios, as the two Gobbos, as Launce and Speed;
and we know also that one of these was Will Kempe and that when he
left the Globe Theater his place was taken by Arnim. Now, we can see
that the Dromios, the Gobbos, Launce and Speed are merely “clowns”
as the Elizabethans called the funny men,—“Let not your clowns
speak more than is set down for them.” The Dromios and the Gobbos
and the corresponding parts in Shakspere’s earlier plays, including
Peter in ‘Romeo and Juliet,’ are only funny men, with little
individuality, almost characterless; and we may surmise that this was
due to Shakspere’s own inexperience in the delineation of humorous
character. But we may, if we choose, credit it also to the fact that
Kempe was only a funny man, and not a character-actor. And we can
find support for this in the superior richness and stricter veracity
of the low comedy characters composed by Shakspere after Arnim took
Kempe’s place,—Dogberry, the porter in ‘Macbeth,’ the gravedigger in
‘Hamlet,’ comic parts which are also characters, equipt with more or
less philosophy. And again this may be ascribed either to Shakspere’s
own ripening as a humorist or to the richer capacity of Arnim. But
why may not these two causes have coöperated?
Then there is the brilliant series of parts composed for a dashing
young comedian,—Mercutio, Gratiano, Cassio, Laertes. That these
successive characters were all entrusted to the same performer seems
to me beyond question; and it seems to me equally indisputable that
Shakspere knew what he was doing when he composed these characters.
He was assured in advance that they would be well played; and there
is no reason to doubt that in composing them he profited by his
intimate knowledge of the histrionic endowment of the unidentified
member of the company for whom they were written, giving him nothing
to do which he was not capable of doing well, and giving him again
and again the kind of thing that he had already exhibited the ability
to do well.
Another group of parts is equally obviously intended for an actor
who had shown himself to be an expert in the impersonation of comic
old women, boldly characterized, broadly painted, highly colored in
humor,—Mrs. Quickly (who appears in four plays), the nurse in ‘Romeo
and Juliet’ and Mrs. Overdone in ‘Measure for Measure.’ Here again I
venture the guess that this low comedian may have earlier been cast
for the Dromio and the Gobbo which was not given to Kempe. And I wish
to record my regret that we cannot pick out from the list of the
company at the Globe the name of the “creator” of Mrs. Quickly and
her sisters, any more than we can identify the “creator” of Mercutio
and his brothers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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