Plutarch on the Delay of the Divine JusticePlutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch on the Delay of the Divine Justice
Plutarch
Punishment -- Early works to 1800
10. Indeed, why may I not say that those under sentence of death are
not punished till their heads are cut off,—and that he who has been
condemned to drink hemlock, and then goes about and remains unaffected
till his legs grow heavy, is not punished until he is overpowered by
the deadening of the muscles and the congealing of the blood, combined
with the loss of consciousness,—if we confine the name of punishment
to the last stage of punishment, and leave out of the account the
sufferings, and terrors, and apprehension, and remorse, which in the
mean while prey upon every guilty soul? As well might we maintain that
a fish that has swallowed the hook is not caught till we see it roasted
by the cook or cut up on the table. For every wrong-doer is in the
grasp of justice so soon as he has swallowed as a bait the pleasure
connected with his sin, having a conscience resting heavily upon him,
and driven hither and thither in the endeavor to expiate his guilt,
“As the impetuous tunny ploughs the sea.”
Up to the time when the crime is committed, the well-known assurance
and audacity of guilt are strong and efficient; but afterward the
excitement subsides like a wind that dies away, and the mind, enfeebled
and dispirited, becomes subject to fears and superstitions,—so that
Clytemnestra’s dream, as related by Stesichorus, is in conformity with
experience and truth. The verses are:
“A dragon seemed to come with blood-smeared head,
And took the form of King Pleisthenides.”[27:1]
Indeed, visions in sleep, noonday apparitions, oracles, peals of
thunder, and whatever events can seem to take place by the agency
of God, are fraught with tempests and terrors for those who are in
this condition. Thus, it is said that Apollodorus[28:1] once in
his sleep saw himself flayed by Scythians, then boiled, and his own
heart speaking out of the caldron, and saying, “I have brought all
this upon thee”; and again, that he saw his daughters on fire, their
bodies in flames, running round him in a circle. It is said, too,
that Hipparchus,[28:2] the son of Peisistratus, shortly before his
death, saw Aphrodite sprinkling blood upon his face from a vial.
The friends of Ptolemy surnamed Ceraunus[28:3] saw him summoned to
the tribunal by Seleucus, with vultures and wolves for his judges,
while he was distributing large portions of flesh to his enemies.
Pausanias,[28:4] having sent to seize by force Cleonice, a free-born
maiden in Byzantium, that he might have her company by night, and then,
in consequence of some unaccountable mental disturbance or suspicion,
killing her when she arrived, often saw her in his dreams, saying to
him,
“Come quick to judgment; lust works woe to man.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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