Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
30. Yea, themselves tell us, that the contemplation of future
dissolution leaves them one most assured and complacent good, to wit,
freedom from anxious surmises of incessant and endless evils, and
that Epicurus’s doctrine effects this by stopping the fear of death
by the belief in the soul’s dissolution. If then deliverance from the
expectation of infinite evils be a matter of greatest complacence,
how comes it not to be afflictive to be bereft of eternal good things
and to miss of the highest and most consummate felicity? For not to
be can be good for neither condition, but is on the contrary both
against nature and ungrateful to all that have a being. But those it
eases of the evils of life through the evils of death have, it is very
true, the want of sense to comfort them, while they, as it were, make
their escape from life. But, on the other hand, they that change
from good things to nothing seem to me to have the most dismaying end
of all, it putting a period to their happiness. For Nature doth not
fear insensibility as the entrance upon some new thing, but because
it is the privation of our present good things. For to say that the
destruction of all that we call ours toucheth us not is absurd, for
it toucheth us already by the very apprehension. And insensibility
afflicts not those that are not, but those that are, when they think
what damage they shall sustain by it in the loss of their beings
and in being suffered never to emerge from annihilation. Wherefore
it is neither the dog Cerberus nor the river Cocytus that has made
our fear of death boundless; but the threatened danger of not being,
representing it as impossible for such as are once extinct to shift
back again into being. For we cannot be born twice, and our not being
must last for ever; as Epicurus speaks. For if our end be in not being,
and that be infinite and unalterable, then hath privation of good found
out an eternal evil, to wit, a never ending insensibleness. Herodotus
was much wiser, when he said that God, having given men a taste of the
sweets of life, seems to be envious in this regard,[157] and especially
to those that conceit themselves happy, to whom pleasure is but a bait
for sorrow, they being but permitted to taste of what they must be
deprived of. For what solace or fruition or exultation would not the
perpetual injected thought of the soul’s being dispersed into infinity,
as into a certain huge and vast ocean, extinguish and quell in those
that found their amiable good and beatitude in pleasure? But if it be
true (as Epicurus thinks it is) that most men die in very acute pain,
then is the fear of death in all respects inconsolable; it bringing us
through evils unto a deprivation of good.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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