Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
_Solution._ Is it not for modesty’s sake, for at the first
congress he looks upon her as a stranger to him? Or is it that he may
be inured to go into his own wife with modesty? Or, as Solon hath
written, “Let the bride go into the bed-chamber gnawing a quince,
that the first salutation be not harsh and ungrateful.” So did the
Roman lawgiver command that, if there should be any thing absurd and
unpleasant in her body, she should hide it? Or was it intended to cast
infamy upon the unlawful use of venery by causing that the lawful
should have certain signs of modesty attending it?
_Question 66._ Why was one of the horse-race rounds called
Flaminia?
_Solution._ Is it because, when Flaminius, one of the ancients,
bestowed a field on the city, they employed its revenue on the
horse-races, and with the overplus money built the way which they call
Flaminia?
_Question 67._ Why do they call the rod-bearers lictors?
_Solution._ Is this the reason, because these men were wont to
bind desperate bullies, and they followed Romulus carrying thongs in
their bosoms? The vulgar Romans say _alligare_, _to bind_,
when the more refined in speech say _ligare_. Or is now _c_
inserted, when formerly they called them _litores_, being
_liturgi_, ministers for public service; for λῇτον until this day
is writ for _public_ in many of the Grecian laws, which scarce any
is ignorant of.
_Question 68._ Why do the Luperci sacrifice a dog? The Luperci
are they that run up and down naked (saving only their girdles) in the
Lupercal plays, and slash all that they meet with a whip.
_Solution._ Is it not because these feats are done for the
purification of the city? For they call the month February, and indeed
the very day Februatus, and the habit of whipping with thongs they call
_februare_, the word signifying _to cleanse_. And to speak
the truth, all the Grecians have used, and some do use to this very
day, a slain dog for an expiatory sacrifice; and among other sacrifices
of purification, they offer whelps to Hecate, and sprinkle those that
need cleansing with the puppy’s blood, calling this kind of purifying
puppification. Or is it that _lupus_ is λύκος, _a wolf_, and
Lupercalia are Lycaea; but a dog is at enmity with a wolf, therefore is
sacrificed on the Lycaean festivals? Or is it because the dogs do bark
at and perplex the Luperci as they scout about the city? Or is it that
this sacrifice is offered to Pan, and Pan loves dogs because of his
herds of goats.
_Question 69._ Why, upon the festival called Septimontium,
did they observe to abstain from the use of chariots drawn by a
pair of horses; and even until now, do they that regard antiquity
still abstain? They do observe the Septimontium feast in honor of
the addition of the seventh hill to the city, upon which it became
Septicollis, seven-hilled Rome.
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