Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
As to the pleasures of the bed, men use these
in the dark, reputing the use thereof no less shameful and beastly than
the total disuse of the pleasures of the table.
Cleodemus having finished this long harangue, I began to this effect.
You omit one thing, my friend, how they that decry food decry sleep
too, and they that declaim against sleep declaim against dreams in
the same breath, and so destroy the primitive and ancient way of
divination. Add to this, that our whole life will be of one form and
fashion, and our soul enclosed in a body to no purpose; many and those
the principal parts thereof are naturally so formed and fashioned as
to be organs of nutriment; so the tongue, the teeth, the stomach, and
the liver, whereof none are idle, none framed for other use, so that
whosoever hath no need of nutriment has no need of his body; that is,
in other words, no man hath any need of himself, for every man hath a
body of his own. This I have thought fit to offer in vindication of our
bellies; if Solon or any other has any thing to object to what I have
said, I am willing to hear him.
16. Yea, doubtless, replies Solon, or we may be reputed more
injudicious than the Egyptians. For when any person dies among them,
they open him and show him so dissected to the sun; his guts they throw
into the river, to the remaining parts they allow a decent burial, for
they think the body now pure and clean; and to speak truly, they are
the foulest parts of the body, and like that lower hell crammed with
dead carcasses and at the same time flowing with offensive rivers, such
as flame with fire and are disturbed with tempests. No live creature
feeds upon another living creature, but we first take away their lives,
and in that action we do them great wrong; forasmuch as whatsoever
is transmuted and turned into another loseth the nature which it had
before, and is corrupted that it may become nourishment to the others.
Now the very plants have life in them,—that is clear and manifest, for
we perceive they grow and spread. But to abstain from eating flesh (as
they say Orpheus of old did) is more a pretence than a real avoiding
of an injury proceeding from the just use of meat. One way there is,
and but one way, whereby a man may avoid offence, namely by being
contented with his own, not coveting what belongs to his neighbor. But
if a man’s circumstances be such and so hard that he cannot subsist
without wronging another man, the fault is God’s, not his. The case
being such with some persons, I would fain learn if it be not advisable
to destroy, at the same time with injustice, these instruments of
injustice, the belly, stomach, and liver, which have no sense of
justice or appetite to honesty, and therefore may be fitly compared to
your cook’s implements, his knives and his caldrons, or to a baker’s
chimney and bins and kneading-tubs. Verily one may observe the souls of
some men confined to their bodies, as to a house of correction, barely
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