Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
3. But we now once again turn our discourse to Fate, as it is an
energy. For concerning this it is that there are so many natural,
moral, and logical questions. Having therefore already in some sort
sufficiently defined what it is, we are now in the next place to say
something of its quality, although it may to many seem absurd. I
say then that Fate, though comprehending as it were in a circle the
infinity of all those things which are and have been from infinite
times and shall be to infinite ages, is not in itself infinite, but
determinate and finite; for neither law, reason, nor any other divine
thing can be infinite. And this you will the better understand, if
you consider the total revolution and the whole time in which the
revolutions of the eight circles (that is, of the eight spheres of the
fixed stars, sun, moon, and five planets), having (as Timaeus[111]
says) finished their course, return to one and the same point, being
measured by the circle of the Same, which goes always after one manner.
For in this order, which is finite and determinate, shall all things
(which, as well in heaven as in earth, consist by necessity from above)
be reduced to the same situation, and restored again to their first
beginning. Wherefore the habitude of heaven alone, being thus ordained
in all things, as well in regard of itself as of the earth and all
terrestrial matters, shall again (after long revolutions) one day
return; and those things that in order follow after, and being linked
together in a continuity are maintained in their course, shall be
present, every one of them by necessity bringing what is its own. But
for the better clearing of this matter, let us understand that whatever
is in us or about us is not wrought by the course of the heavens and
heavenly influences, as being entirely the efficient cause both of my
writing what I now write, and of your doing also what you at present
do, and in the same manner as you do it. Hereafter then, when the same
cause shall return, we shall do the same things we now do, and in the
same manner, and shall again become the same men; and so it will be
with all others. And that which follows after shall also happen by
the following cause; and in brief, all things that shall happen in
the whole and in every one of these universal revolutions shall again
become the same. By this it appears (as we have said before) that
Fate, being in some sort infinite, is nevertheless determinate and
finite; and it may be also in some sort seen and comprehended, as we
have farther said, that it is as it were a circle. For as a motion of a
circle is a circle, and the time that measures it is also a circle; so
the order of things which are done and happen in a circle may be justly
esteemed and called a circle.
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