Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
No indeed; but yet much farther in his second reprehension, without
any way minding it, he drives Epicurus and Democritus out of this
life. For he affirms that the saying of Democritus—that the atoms are
to the senses color by a certain law or ordinance, that they are by
the same law sweetness, and by the same law concretion[128]—is at war
with our senses, and that he who uses this reason and persists in this
opinion cannot himself imagine whether he is living or dead. I know not
how to contradict this discourse; but this I can boldly affirm, that
this is as inseparable from the sentences and doctrines of Epicurus
as they say figure and weight are from atoms. For what is it that
Democritus says? “There are substances, in number infinite, called
atoms (because they cannot be divided), without difference, without
quality, and impassible, which move, being dispersed here and there,
in the infinite voidness; and that when they approach one another,
or meet and are conjoined, of such masses thus heaped together, one
appears water, another fire, another a plant, another a man; and that
all things are thus really atoms (as he called them), and that there
is nothing else; for there can be no generation from what is not; and
of those things which are nothing can be generated, because these
atoms are so firm, that they can neither change, alter, nor suffer;
wherefore there cannot be made color of those things which are without
color, nor nature or soul of those things which are without quality and
impassible.” Democritus then is to be blamed, not for confessing those
things that happen upon his principles, but for supposing principles
upon which such things happen. For he should not have supposed
immutable principles; or having supposed them, he ought to have seen
that the generation of all quality is taken away; but having seen the
absurdity, to deny it is most impudent. But Epicurus says, that he
supposes the same principles with Democritus, but that he says not that
color, sweet, white, and other qualities, are by law and ordinance. If
therefore _not to say_ is merely _not to confess_, he does merely what
he is wont to do. For it is as when, taking away divine Providence,
he nevertheless says that he leaves piety and devotion towards the
Gods; and when, choosing friendship for the sake of pleasure, that he
suffers most grievous pains for his friends; and supposing the universe
to be infinite, that he nevertheless takes not away high and low....
Indeed having taken the cup, one may drink what he pleases, and return
the rest. But in reasoning one ought chiefly to remember this wise
apophthegm, that where the principles are not necessary, the ends and
consequences are necessary. It was not then necessary for him to
suppose or (to say better) to steal from Democritus, that atoms are
the principles of the universe; but having supposed this doctrine, and
having pleased and glorified himself in the first probable and specious
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