Greece -- Biography -- Early works to 1800; Rome -- Biography -- Early works to 1800
I. After the death of Agis, as has been related, Leonidas was not able
to seize the person of his brother Archidamus, who at once fled out of
the country, but he brought the wife of Agis with her newly-born child
out of her house, and forcibly married her to his own son Kleomenes, who
was scarcely come to an age for marriage, because he was unwilling for
her to marry any one else. Indeed Agiatis was the daughter of Gylippus,
and heiress to a great estate. She was thought to be the most beautiful
woman of her time in all Greece, and was of a noble disposition. It is
said that she made many entreaties not to be forced into a second
marriage, but that after her union with Kleomenes, although she
continued to hate his father Leonidas, she made a good and affectionate
wife to the young man, who became passionately fond of her, and
sympathised with her loving remembrance of Agis, so that he would often
ask her to tell him about her late husband, and used to listen with rapt
attention while she explained the designs and projects of Agis. For
Kleomenes was as eager for honour, and had as noble a mind as Agis
himself, and was equally moderate and simple in his way of life; but he
lacked the other's discreet and gentle temper, and was of a stirring and
vehement nature, eager to embark on any honourable enterprise. He
thought it the most glorious position of all to rule over an obedient
people; but he took pride also in bending disobedient subjects to his
will, and forcibly compelling them to move in the path of honour.
II. He was far from satisfied with the state of things at Sparta, where
the citizens had given themselves up to luxurious repose, while the king
Leonidas cared nothing for public affairs, so long as he was able to
gratify his own love of extravagance and self-indulgence. Public virtue
was entirely gone, and no man cared to profit his country, but only
himself. As for discipline, orderly training of the young, hardiness of
body, and equality, all these things had perished with Agis, and it was
not safe even to speak of them. We are told that while yet a lad
Kleomenes was instructed in the principles of the Stoic philosophy by
Sphærus of Borysthenes,[7] who visited Lacedæmon and gave excellent
instruction there to the young. This Sphærus was one of the aptest
pupils of Zeno of Kitium,[8] and he seems to have admired the manly
spirit of Kleomenes and to have encouraged him in the pursuit of honour.
The ancient hero Leonidas, when asked what he thought of Tyrtæus, is
said to have answered, "He is good at exciting the minds of the youth."
Indeed they became filled with enthusiasm by the poems of Tyrtæus, and
fought with reckless daring in battle: and so also the Stoic philosophy
often renders brave and fiery natures over-daring and venturesome, and
yields the best fruit when applied to a grave and gentle nature.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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